Cryogenic machining of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites and the effects of cryogenic treatment on tensile properties: A comparative study

Morkavuk, Sezer; Köklü, Uğur; Bağcı, Mehmet; Gemi, Lokman

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.04.024

Cited by 164 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The fixture provides thermal insulation to minimise the impact of low temperature effects of LN 2 on the dynamometer or damaging the CNC machine 97 . The detailed information about the fixture and the method were given in a previous study 70 .…”

Section: Experimental Machine Setup and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstructural investigation and hole quality evaluation in S2/FM94 glass-fibre composites under dry and cryogenic conditions

Giasin

Barouni

Dhakal

et al. 2020

Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites

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S2/FM94 glass fibre reinforced epoxy is an aerospace-grade composite currently bonded with aluminium alloys and installed in parts of the Airbus A380 fuselage. In addition to its abrasive and hard nature, S2/FM94 glass fibre is sensitive to thermal effects developed during the drilling process, and therefore using coolants becomes necessary. However, conventional oil and water-based coolants are not suitable for drilling of composites. Cryogenic coolants on the other hand are an attractive choice for machining composites and are environmentally friendly. In this study, a new environmentally friendly cryogenic cooling technique in a liquid nitrogen bath was used for the drilling of S2/FM94 glass fibre reinforced epoxy composite. The aim was to investigate the effect of drilling parameters and cryogenic cooling on cutting forces, surface roughness, hardness and delamination factor at hole entry and exit sides. The workpiece was drilled within a cryogenic bath. In this way, both cryogenic workpiece cooling and tool cooling were obtained. In addition, the drill geometry is fixed and only the cutting parameters (i.e. spindle speed and the feed rate) are varied under dry and cryogenic conditions. The results indicate that the spindle speed and cryogenic cooling had the most significant influence on the cutting forces and surface roughness parameters (Ra and Rz), while the use of cryogenic cooling had the most significant influence on increasing the hardness and size of delamination at entry and exit sides of the holes.

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Section: Experimental Machine Setup and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The machined parts with the presence of coolants require cleaning from oils and contamination which makes coolants less desirable especially with composite materials due to increased costs. Alternative methods to minimise machining temperatures were proposed by using cryogenic cooling techniques 70 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural investigation and hole quality evaluation in S2/FM94 glass-fibre composites under dry and cryogenic conditions

Giasin

Barouni

Dhakal

et al. 2020

Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites

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“…They found that chilled air machining gives better results than dry condition machining in delamination and surface roughness at constant feed rate of 0.035 mm/rev and cutting speed of 179 m/min. Good surface finish and lesser delamination was observed in cryogenic machining studies of Morkavuk et al [16] and compared with dry machining. These results was obtained at combination of lower feed rate of 500 mm/min and higher spindle speed of 8000 rpm and they observed higher thrust force at cryogenic environment because of harder structure but it produces lower delamination.…”

Section: B Environmental Changesmentioning

confidence: 93%

The Techniques Employed in Milling of CFRP to Reduce Material Damages

2019

IJITEE

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Carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites are extensively used in aircraft industries because of high strength (load-bearing material). In application, machining process required near net shape for avoiding rejection of components and it is highly challenging and hard to produce good quality holes and surface. In this article, reviewing various techniques which involved to bring good surface finish in milling of CFRP composites and addresses machining parameters, tool geometry, material, coatings and environmental condition techniques. This current review work will be helpful for researchers to implement new advanced techniques to avoid material damages in their future work.

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“…Hole quality in drilling of CFRP depends on various factors such as tool edge geometry, tool coatings, cutting force, feed rate and cutting environment [17][18][19][20][21]. Similarly, 50% increase in tool life was observed with coating on the cutting tool during drilling [22].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface roughness analysis in the drilling of carbon fiber/epoxy composite laminates using hybrid Taguchi-Response experimental design

Shahabaz

Shetty

et al. 2020

Mater. Res. Express

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The carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite has made a substantial impact on the manufacturing sectors owing to its excellent mechanical, thermal and corrosion resisting properties. The surface roughness mainly depends on the machining parameters while drilling of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite laminates. The study concentrates on the impact of uncoated and titanium nitride coated solid carbide drills on minimizing the roughness that is generated while making holes in bi-directional carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite by optimizing the drilling constraints [spindle speed (A), feed rate (B), point angle (C) and drill diameter (D)]. Experimental studies are carried out using Taguchi L 27 orthogonal array. The investigation discloses that the drill diameter is one of the most influencing cutting parameters followed by spindle speed and feed rate. The response surface methodology is chosen as a tool for predicting and optimizing the process parameters. The investigation also discloses that the experimental and the predicted results of surface roughness are closely matching with each other. The surface morphology illustrates that titanium nitride coated solid carbide drills minimize the surface roughness compare to that of uncoated solid carbide drills.

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Cryogenic machining of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites and the effects of cryogenic treatment on tensile properties: A comparative study

Cited by 164 publications

References 47 publications

Microstructural investigation and hole quality evaluation in S2/FM94 glass-fibre composites under dry and cryogenic conditions

Microstructural investigation and hole quality evaluation in S2/FM94 glass-fibre composites under dry and cryogenic conditions

The Techniques Employed in Milling of CFRP to Reduce Material Damages

Surface roughness analysis in the drilling of carbon fiber/epoxy composite laminates using hybrid Taguchi-Response experimental design

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