Cryogenic modulation fast GC × GC–MS using a 10 m microbore column combination: Concept, method optimization, and application

Abstract

The present research is based on the concept of using a 10 m × 0.1 mm id column for cryogenic-modulation fast comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with quadrupole mass spectrometry. Specifically, an 8.9 m × 0.1 mm id low-polarity column was used as the first dimension, and a 1.1 m × 0.1 mm id medium-polarity column was used as the second dimension. The main scope of the investigation was to develop a high peak-capacity method, with an analysis time of approximately 10 min. Various aspects related to method optimization are discussed, as well as separation parameters such as peak capacity (in each dimension, and as a total value), first-dimension sample capacity, peak widths, modulation ratio, sensitivity enhancement, and number of spectra per peak. The fast approach was evaluated in applications involving a mixture of cosmetic allergens and a sample of perfume. The approach proposed enables high-resolution separations in a short time (across the C -C alkane range), as well as a considerable reduction of the consumption of gases for modulation cooling and heating.

Fast two‐dimensional gas chromatography applied in the characterization of bio‐oil from the pyrolysis of coconut fibers

“…Giocastro et al . analyze a standard mixture of cosmetic allergens in fast‐GC × GC. They also found an increase in signal noise ratio when compared with conventional methods.…”

“…The high heating rates provided narrower peaks, as a consequence, the signal noise ratio values were increased, showing another peculiarity of fast-GC × GC technique [14,15,17]. Giocastro et al [18] analyze a standard mixture of cosmetic allergens in fast-GC × GC. They also found an increase in signal noise ratio when compared with conventional methods.…”

“…The combination of typical rapid chromatographic columns and high temperature ramps can improve the detectability, since the signal-to-noise ratio is increased, together with reduced analysis time [15][16][17][18].…”

Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography Advances in Technology and Applications: Biennial Update

“…× 0.1 μm d f 1 D column) connected to a midpolar 1.1 m × 0.1 mm i.d. × 0.1 μm d f 2 D column, using a loop thermal modulator had a total analysis time of 10 min, with satisfactory separation performance. Alternatively, modeling can be used to minimize development cost.…”

Hyper-fast gas chromatography and single-photon ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry with integrated electrical modulator-based sampling for headspace and online VOC analyses

“…Additionally, the GC run is often limited to isothermal conditions or less dynamic temperature programmes because of the time limitations. A unique fastGC approach was recently described with the extension of fast GC to two-dimensional fast GC, substantially increasing separation performance while keeping the total GC runtime below 20 min 8 . The addition of fast gas chromatography with runtimes below 20 min (fastGC) to different mass analysers offers a compromi s e between chemical specificity and time resolution.…”