Cryogenic Process Engineering

Timmerhaus, K.D.

doi:10.1016/b0-12-227410-5/00156-3

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…We obtained the electronic specific-heat coefficients γ = 5.7 mJ mol -1 K -2 and phonon specific-heat coefficients β = 0.8 mJ mol -1 K -4 (inset of Fig. 5) from fitting the data gotten under 1 T applied field 8 in temperature range of 2 -4 K. Using the equal-area method 44 , we estimate ∆C/Tc = = 7.98 mJ mol -1 K -2 and the calculated normalized specific heat jump value ∆C/γTc ( Fig. 5) states/eV f.u.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

NbSeTe—a new layered transition metal dichalcogenide superconductor

Yan

Shu

Lin

et al. 2019

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC's) usually exhibit layered polytypic structures due to the weak interlayer coupling. 2H-NbSe2 is one of the most widely studied in the pristine TMDC family due to its high superconducting transition temperature (Tc = 7.3K) and the occurrence of a charge-density wave (CDW) order below 33 K. The coexistence of CDW with superconductivity poses an intriguing open question about the relationship between Fermi surface nesting and Cooperpairing. Past studies of this issue have mostly been focused on doping 2H-NbSe2 by 3d transition metals without significantly changing its crystal structure. Here we replaced the Se by Te in 2H-NbSe2 in order to design a new 1T polytype layered TMDC NbSeTe, which adopts a trigonal structure with space group P3 ̅ m1. We successfully grew large size and high-quality single crystals of 1T-NbSeTe via the vapor transport method using I2 as the transport agent. Temperature-dependent resistivity and specific heat data revealed a bulk Tc at 1.3 K, which is the first observation of superconductivity in pure 1T-NbSeTe phase. This compound enlarged the family of superconducting TMDC's and provides an opportunity to study the interplay between CDW and superconductivity in the trigonal structure.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

NbSeTe—a new layered transition metal dichalcogenide superconductor

Yan

Shu

Lin

et al. 2019

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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“…Let us remember that the Stirling cycle is made up from two isothermal and two isochoric process and that cooling power arises from the isothermal expansion. During this step, the temperature of the gas remains nearly constant as heat is absorbed by the gas from the cold tip wall which, in turn, is chilled a bit more on every cycle [33].…”

Section: Stirling Refrigerator Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demonstration experiments for solid-state physics using a table-top mechanical Stirling refrigerator

Osorio¹,

Palacio-Morales²,

Rodrigo³

et al. 2012

Eur. J. Phys.

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Liquid free cryogenic devices are acquiring importance in basic science and engineering. But they can also lead to improvements in teaching low temperature an solid state physics to graduate students and specialists. Most of the devices are relatively expensive, but small sized equipment is slowly becoming available. Here, we have designed several simple experiments which can be performed using a small Stirling refrigerator. We discuss the measurement of the critical current and temperature of a bulk YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−δ (YBCO) sample, the observation of the levitation of a magnet over a YBCO disk when cooled below the critical temperature and the observation of a phase transition using ac calorimetry. The equipment can be easily handled by students, and also used to teach the principles of liquid free cooling.

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“…Georges Claude developed a cycle for air liquefaction that was used for hydrogen liquefaction. 5 Most of the existing large-scale liquefaction plants and conventional liquefaction cycles are based on Claude cycle, and their exergy efficiencies are in the range of 20% to 30%. 6 Baker and Shaner 7 investigated a Claude process based on the nitrogen precooling and catalytic conversion with the capacity and exergy efficiency of 250 tons per day and 36%, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The conventional Claude cycles using pure refrigerants such as propane, methane, and nitrogen were used as pre-cooling cycles, but they suffer from low efficiency and high power consumption. 8,21 MR cycles were applied as pre-cooling cycles of hydrogen cooling down from room temperature to −193 C. 19,22,23 Conceptual cycles were developed for hydrogen cooling down to reach −253 C from −193 C. 19 The possibility of using a supercritical hydrogen liquefaction plant cooled by helium refrigeration cycles has been investigated, revealing that the hydrogen feed pressure has direct correlation with the process efficiency. 24 The effect of adding absorption precooling cycle for hydrogen liquefaction, powered by the geothermal energy, has been studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel integrated hydrogen and natural gas liquefaction process using two multistage mixed refrigerant refrigeration systems

2019

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Summary The development and analysis of combined hydrogen and natural gas liquefaction process are reported. Two refrigeration cycles using mixed refrigerants (MRs) are employed. The developed process is capable of generating 290 tons hydrogen and 296 tons liquid natural gas on daily basis. The first refrigeration cycle of the introduced process liquefies 3.5 kg·s−1 normal gaseous hydrogen and 3.5 kg·s−1 normal natural gas at room temperature and 21 bar to −195°C with the consumed power of 0.643 kWh/kgLH2,kgLNG. The second refrigeration cycle cools down the hydrogen and natural gas to −253°C with the consumed power of 1.662 kWh/kgLH2,kgLNG, leading to a lower total consumed power than that of the identical liquefaction processes. The use of novel and appropriately mixed refrigerants based on the configuration, and the thermal design of expanders and heat exchangers fora wide range of temperatures are the innovations of the process. Additionally, the refrigerant compositions of refrigeration cycles are novel. The energy analysis indicated that the coefficient of performance (COP) for the developed process is 0.2442, which is notably high compared with the COP of other identical processes (typically less than 0.1797). The exergy analysis revealed that the overall exergy efficiency of the liquefaction process is 62.54%. Highlight edited A novel integrated hydrogen and natural gas liquefaction process is introduced. The process can generate 290 tons hydrogen and 296 tons liquid natural gas per day. Total power consumptions of the process are 4.165 kWh/kgLH2,kgLNG. Coefficient of performance (COP) for the developed process is 0.2442, which is notably high compared with the COP of other identical processes. Overall exergy efficiency of the liquefaction process is 62.54%.

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Cryogenic Process Engineering

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

NbSeTe—a new layered transition metal dichalcogenide superconductor

NbSeTe—a new layered transition metal dichalcogenide superconductor

Demonstration experiments for solid-state physics using a table-top mechanical Stirling refrigerator

A novel integrated hydrogen and natural gas liquefaction process using two multistage mixed refrigerant refrigeration systems

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