Cryogenic single-chip electron spin resonance detector

Gualco, Gabriele; Anders, Jens; Sienkiewicz, Andrzej; Alberti, S.; Forró, Lászlø; Boero, Giovanni

doi:10.1016/j.jmr.2014.08.013

Cited by 31 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…This translates to the in-band PN of 4 −115 dBc/Hz and oscillator's PN of −147 dBc/Hz at 10-MHz offset from the carrier. Even by considering the thermal noise reduction of passive and active devices at cryogenic temperatures, achieving such PN performance is challenging with traditional MOS cross-coupled LC oscillators [46]. Furthermore, as mentioned before, the power consumption of the control electronics is severely limited by the cooling power of the dilution refrigerator.…”

Section: Digitally Controlled Oscillatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryo-CMOS Circuits and Systems for Quantum Computing Applications

Patra

Incandela

Dijk

et al. 2018

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

355

169

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A fault-tolerant quantum computer with millions of quantum bits (qubits) requires massive yet very precise control electronics for the manipulation and readout of individual qubits. CMOS operating at cryogenic temperatures down to 4 K (cryo-CMOS) allows for closer system integration, thus promising a scalable solution to enable future quantum computers. In this paper, a cryogenic control system is proposed, along with the required specifications, for the interface of the classical electronics with the quantum processor. To prove the advantages of such a system, the functionality of key circuit blocks is experimentally demonstrated. The characteristic properties of cryo-CMOS are exploited to design a noise-canceling low-noise amplifier for spin-qubit RF-reflectometry readout and a class-F 2,3 digitally controlled oscillator required to manipulate the state of qubits.

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Section: Digitally Controlled Oscillatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryo-CMOS Circuits and Systems for Quantum Computing Applications

Patra

Incandela

Dijk

et al. 2018

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

355

169

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“…The principle of operation of the single-chip ESR detectors described in this paper is identical to that reported in Refs. [12][13][14][15]. In typical experimental conditions, the oscillation frequency of an LC-oscillator coupled with an ensemble of electron spins is given by […”

Section: Operating Principle Of the Single-chip Esr Detectormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Methods based on the electron spin resonance (ESR) phenomenon are used to investigate samples in a wide temperature range, ranging from above 1000 K [1][2][3][4] to below 1 K [5][6][7]. The measurements are usually performed using either relatively large cavities or miniaturized conducting [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] and superconducting [7,[20][21][22][23][24][25] resonators. Miniaturized resonators are typically used in order to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio in experiments with small samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Miniaturized resonators are typically used in order to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio in experiments with small samples. State-of-the-art purely inductive methods based on microresonators have sensitivities at the level of 10 7 to 10 9 spins/Hz 1/2 at room temperature [15,16] and of 10 2 to 10 4 spins/Hz 1/2 at low temperature [7,19,25], depending, among other parameters, on the sample relaxation times and the microresonator sensitive volume. Non-inductive techniques can achieve single electron spin sensitivity [26][27][28] but are generally considered to be less versatile than those based on the more conventional inductive approach [7,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Refs. [12][13][14][15] we presented single-chip integrated inductive ESR detectors, fabricated using complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technologies, operating between 8 GHz and 28 GHz in the temperature range from 300 K down to 4 K. The ESR phenomenon was detected as a variation of the frequency of an integrated LC-oscillator due to an effective variation of its coil impedance caused by the resonant complex susceptibility of the sample. Here, we report on the design and characterization of single-chip ESR detectors based on the same operating principle but operating at significantly higher frequencies, in particular at 50 GHz (U-band), 92 GHz (W-band), and 146 GHz (D-band).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Single-chip electron spin resonance detectors operating at 50 GHz, 92 GHz, and 146 GHz

Matheoud

Gualco

Jeong

et al. 2017

Journal of Magnetic Resonance

Self Cite

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We report on the design and characterization of single-chip electron spin resonance (ESR) detectors operating at 50GHz, 92GHz, and 146GHz. The core of the single-chip ESR detectors is an integrated LC-oscillator, formed by a single turn aluminum planar coil, a metal-oxide-metal capacitor, and two metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistors used as negative resistance network. On the same chip, a second, nominally identical, LC-oscillator together with a mixer and an output buffer are also integrated. Thanks to the slightly asymmetric capacitance of the mixer inputs, a signal at a few hundreds of MHz is obtained at the output of the mixer. The mixer is used for frequency down-conversion, with the aim to obtain an output signal at a frequency easily manageable off-chip. The coil diameters are 120μm, 70μm, and 45μm for the U-band, W-band, and the D-band oscillators, respectively. The experimental frequency noises at 100kHz offset from the carrier are 90Hz/Hz, 300Hz/Hz, and 700Hz/Hz at 300K, respectively. The ESR spectra are obtained by measuring the frequency variations of the single-chip oscillators as a function of the applied magnetic field. The experimental spin sensitivities, as measured with a sample of α,γ-bisdiphenylene-β-phenylallyl (BDPA)/benzene complex, are 1×10spins/Hz, 4×10spins/Hz, 2×10spins/Hz at 300K, respectively. We also show the possibility to perform experiments up to 360GHz by means of the higher harmonics in the microwave field produced by the integrated single-chip LC-oscillators.

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Nonlinear Modeling of Continuous-Wave Spin Detection Using Oscillator-Based ESR-on-a-Chip Sensors

Anders

2017

Studies in Systems, Decision and Control

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Cryogenic single-chip electron spin resonance detector

Cited by 31 publications

References 48 publications

Cryo-CMOS Circuits and Systems for Quantum Computing Applications

Cryo-CMOS Circuits and Systems for Quantum Computing Applications

Single-chip electron spin resonance detectors operating at 50 GHz, 92 GHz, and 146 GHz

Nonlinear Modeling of Continuous-Wave Spin Detection Using Oscillator-Based ESR-on-a-Chip Sensors

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