Cryogenic Technology Development for Exploration Missions

Chato, David J.

doi:10.2514/6.2007-953

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…On the other hand, there is an increasing demand for cooling systems around the hydrogen liquefaction temperature (T = 20.3 K), since liquid hydrogen is one of the candidates for green fuel in the substitution of petroleumbased fuels 13 and is also widely needed as a rocket propellant and space exploration fuel 14,15 . It has been shown that MCE-based refrigerator prototypes are highly appropriate for this task 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Machine-learning-guided discovery of the gigantic magnetocaloric effect in HoB2 near the hydrogen liquefaction temperature

et al. 2020

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Magnetic refrigeration exploits the magnetocaloric effect, which is the entropy change upon the application and removal of magnetic fields in materials, providing an alternate path for refrigeration other than conventional gas cycles. While intensive research has uncovered a vast number of magnetic materials that exhibit a large magnetocaloric effect, these properties remain unknown for a substantial number of compounds. To explore new functional materials in this unknown space, machine learning is used as a guide for selecting materials that could exhibit a large magnetocaloric effect. By this approach, HoB2 is singled out and synthesized, and its magnetocaloric properties are evaluated, leading to the experimental discovery of a gigantic magnetic entropy change of 40.1 J kg−1 K−1 (0.35 J cm−3 K−1) for a field change of 5 T in the vicinity of a ferromagnetic second-order phase transition with a Curie temperature of 15 K. This is the highest value reported so far, to the best of our knowledge, near the hydrogen liquefaction temperature; thus, HoB2 is a highly suitable material for hydrogen liquefaction and low-temperature magnetic cooling applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Machine-learning-guided discovery of the gigantic magnetocaloric effect in HoB2 near the hydrogen liquefaction temperature

et al. 2020

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“…The system is capable of removing 20 W of heat at 18 K with a COP of 0.005 and driven by two 2-kW permanent magnet synchronous motors operating at 200,000 rpm and at room temperature and 77 K. Chato [24] reported the status of developments in cryogenic technology for exploration missions. It is shown that the exploration architecture is reliant on the cryogenic propellants of liquid hydrogen, liquid oxygen and liquid methane.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forced convective mixing in a zero boil-off cryogenic storage tank

Rahman

2012

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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“…Cryogenic propellants have the advantages of low cost, high-specific impulse, large thrust, nontoxic and pollution-free, and so forth and have been widely used in the development of large/heavy rockets in various countries. 1 Although cryogenic propellants have obvious advantages over normal temperature fuel, most of its thermodynamic states are near the boiling point temperature, and they still have the disadvantages of low density, easy evaporation, and difficult storage. To improve these disadvantages, liquid hydrogen could be cooled generally and even obtained slush hydrogen which is a mixture of liquid hydrogen and solid hydrogen particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical study on settlement behaviors of slush hydrogen in cryogenic tank

Xia

Xie

Sun

et al. 2022

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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Slush hydrogen can be used as a promising propulsion fuel for deep space exploration vehicles because of its more excellent thermodynamic properties compared with liquid hydrogen. To study stratification and settlement characteristics of slush hydrogen in cryogenic tanks, a transient model based on Eulerian–Eulerian two‐fluid method was developed and was verified by experiment data. Many numerical simulations were conducted to determine the influence of settlement, including particle diameter (dp = 0.5–0.015 mm), initial volume fraction of solid hydrogen (αs = 30%–50%), and heat leakage of cryogenic tank (qleak = 15–45 W m−2). It was found that there is a critical particle diameter for settlement of slush hydrogen, which is about 0.02 mm. Meanwhile, a large range of natural convection circulation has been observed in the entire tank. Numerical results of this paper could improve uniform distribution of slush hydrogen for highly efficient storage and application.

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Cryogenic Technology Development for Exploration Missions

Cited by 13 publications

References 9 publications

Machine-learning-guided discovery of the gigantic magnetocaloric effect in HoB2 near the hydrogen liquefaction temperature

Machine-learning-guided discovery of the gigantic magnetocaloric effect in HoB2 near the hydrogen liquefaction temperature

Forced convective mixing in a zero boil-off cryogenic storage tank

Numerical study on settlement behaviors of slush hydrogen in cryogenic tank

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