Cryogenic treatment of metals to improve wear resistance

Barron, Randall F.

doi:10.1016/0011-2275(82)90085-6

Cited by 259 publications

(196 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…However, cryogenic treatments are an option to increase martensite content after conventional quenching. As a consequence of the greater content of martensite, these treatments confer to the steel an increase in dimensional stability, hardness, and wear and fatigue resistance [10][11][12][13] . Cryogenic treatments are usually carried out at -80 ºC and -196 ºC, corresponding to dry ice sublimation temperature and liquid nitrogen boiling temperature, respectively 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a consequence of the greater content of martensite, these treatments confer to the steel an increase in dimensional stability, hardness, and wear and fatigue resistance [10][11][12][13] . Cryogenic treatments are usually carried out at -80 ºC and -196 ºC, corresponding to dry ice sublimation temperature and liquid nitrogen boiling temperature, respectively 12 . Such treatments can influence the amount of retained austenite inside the steel, considering that the lower temperature of the treatment, depending on the steel martensite finish (M f ) line, induces the transformation of a higher amount of austenite to martensite; consequently, a lower fraction of retained austenite will remain in the steel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tribocorrosion and Electrochemical Behavior of DIN 1.4110 Martensitic Stainless Steels After Cryogenic Heat Treatment

et al. 2017

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DIN 1.4110 martensitic stainless steel is largely used in the cutlery industry due to its high corrosion resistance associated with high mechanical resistance. However, when this material works under corrosion and wear conditions at the same time, their synergistic effect can accelerate the degradation process of the alloy. Cryogenic heat treatments have been proposed to improve the dimensional stability and mechanical properties, since they minimize the amount of retained austenite. The aim of this work is to study the effect of deep cryogenic heat treatment at -80 ºC and at -196 ºC on the corrosion resistance and tribocorrosion behavior of DIN 1.4110 martensitic stainless steel. The microstructure, hardness, corrosion resistance and tribocorrosion behavior were evaluated. Although the heat-treated samples presented higher hardness and lower corrosion current density (i corr ) compared to samples in spheroidized condition, their material removal under tribocorrosion conditions increased, which demonstrated the synergy between corrosion and wear.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribocorrosion and Electrochemical Behavior of DIN 1.4110 Martensitic Stainless Steels After Cryogenic Heat Treatment

et al. 2017

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“…The changes in hardness and wear characteristics have been confirmed by published papers [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Beneficial effects of CT on toughness and fatigue behavior have also been claimed by some authors [3].…”

Section: Past Researchmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…The research about CT has been validated [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] by the field tests which have shown enhancement in hardness and durability of tool steels. By the close of the last century, the CT has been tried upon many different varieties of steels, cast iron and nonferrous metals.…”

Section: Past Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the literature survey, it is evident that cryogenic treatment improves the mechanical properties of ferrous and non-ferrous alloys. Research data of subzero treatments investigated in the early 1930s show great promise in improving mechanical properties when applied to materials currently used in industry [1]. Cryogenic treatment has been used to improve attributes such as hardness, tensile strength, wear properties, and also corrosion resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On electrical resistivity of AISI D2 steel during various stages of cryogenic treatment

Lomte¹,

Gogte²,

Peshwe³

2012

AIP Conference Proceedings

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The effect of dislocation densities and residual stresses is well known in tool steels. Measurement of electrical resistivity in order to monitor dislocation densities or residual stresses has seldom been used in investigating the effect of cryogenic treatment on tool steels.Monitoring residual stresses during cryogenic treatment becomes important as it is directly related to changes due to cryogenic treatment of tool steels. For high carbon high chromium (HCHC-AISI D2) steels, not only wear resistance but dimensional stability is an important issue as the steels are extensively used in dies, precision measuring instruments.This work comprises of study of measurement of electrical resistivity of AISI D2 steel at various stages of cryogenic treatment. Use of these measurements in order to assess the dimensional stability of these steels is discussed in this paper.

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Cryogenic Technology

Barron

2000

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

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The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Uses 3. Liquefaction Systems 3.1. Joule ‐ Thomson Effect 3.2. Basic Linde ‐ Hampson System 3.3. Precooled Linde ‐ Hampson System 3.4. Linde Dual‐Pressure System 3.5. Claude Liquefier 3.6. Liquefaction Systems for Natural Gas 3.7. Collins Helium‐Liquefaction System 3.8. Miniature Liquefaction Systems 3.9. Comparison of Liquefaction Systems 4. Cryogenic Refrigeration Systems 4.1. Thermodynamically Ideal Refrigerator 4.2. Joule ‐ Thomson Refrigerators 4.3. CVI Cold‐Gas Refrigerator 4.4. Stirling Refrigerator 4.5. Vuilleumier Refrigerator 4.6. Solvay Refrigerator 4.7. Gifford ‐ McMahon Refrigerator 4.8. Magnetic Refrigerators 4.9. Dilution Refrigerator 5. Components of Liquefiers and Cryocoolers 5.1. Cryogenic Heat Exchangers 5.1.1. Types of Cryogenic Heat Exchangers 5.1.2. Heat Exchangers for Dilution Refrigerators 5.1.3. Heat Exchanger Design Problems 5.1.4. Regenerators 5.2. Compressors 5.3. Expanders 6. Low‐Temperature Separation Systems 6.1. Minimum Work of Separation 6.2. Properties of Mixtures 6.3. Flash Calculation 6.4. Principles of Cryogenic Rectification 6.5. Linde Single‐Column System 6.6. Linde Double‐Column System 6.7. Heylandt System 6.8. Argon Separation 6.9. Neon Separation 6.10. Physical Adsorption

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Cryogenic treatment of metals to improve wear resistance

Cited by 259 publications

References 2 publications

Tribocorrosion and Electrochemical Behavior of DIN 1.4110 Martensitic Stainless Steels After Cryogenic Heat Treatment

Tribocorrosion and Electrochemical Behavior of DIN 1.4110 Martensitic Stainless Steels After Cryogenic Heat Treatment

On electrical resistivity of AISI D2 steel during various stages of cryogenic treatment

Cryogenic Technology

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