“…Metallic materials often fail in service for corrosion (Singh and Mahajan, 2020; Lesiuk et al , 2019; Jia et al , 2022). Researchers have developed a variety of protective techniques that apply to metallic materials (Nosko et al , 2017; Ren et al , 2023; Wang et al , 2022; Xia et al , 2022). These include metal alloying, electrochemical protection, rust-removing oil, corrosion inhibitors and organic anti-corrosion coatings (Zhang et al , 2022; Calabrese et al , 2019; Brownlie et al , 2021; Chukwuike et al , 2021; Fadhil et al , 2020; Umoren et al , 2022).…”