“…[7][8][9] Recent clinical reports have shown that, compared with conventional balloon angioplasty, cryotherapy can significantly improve vascular patency by much as 79% to 82% within 1 year, while reducing the rate of stent use between 2.7% and 33%. 6,[10][11][12][13][14] However, cryotherapy's mechanism of action is not well understood. It may be related to reduced ECM synthesis, increased ECM degradation, induction of smooth muscle cell (SMC) apoptosis, and decreased proliferation and migration of SMCs.…”