Cryopreservation and Its Application in Aquaculture

Abstract

Aquaculture is the major aquatic animal production segment. Problems like inbreeding depression, genetic drift, introgressive hybridization, etc. have been influencing the production of quality seeds negatively. Cryopreservation serves as a way-out for these problems and a possible answer to produce quality seeds and genetically improved varieties. It has been considered as a major strategy for conservation of fish genetic resources. Cryopreservation of fish gametes has been in vogue since 1953 and the technology is well studied and validated for many species. So far the milt of 200 fish species has been cryopreserved successfully. In this chapter, the importance of aquaculture in overcoming malnutrition, genetic issues affecting quality seed production, cryopreservation protocol employed for various fish species, problems faced in cryopreserving fish eggs and embryos and future of cryopreservation in aquaculture have been discussed.

Novel Apoplastic Antifreeze Proteins of Deschampsia antarctica as Enhancer of Common Cell Freezing Media for Cryobanking of Genetic Resources, a Preliminary Study

“…Their results displayed between 30 and 40% cell viability and did not observe significant differences between treatments. In salmonid spermatozoa, Me 2 SO, a penetrant cryoprotectant, can maintain plasma membrane integrity, mitochondrial function, and motility patterns when supplemented with antioxidants and plasma membrane stabilizers, such as the nonpermeable cryoprotectant BSA [12]. In agreement with this, our results showed no differences between T1 and T2 treatments, which could explain why our apoplastic extracts could replace BSA.…”

“…Cryopreservation can also be applied to accomplish this purpose, allowing good-quality gametes to be collected and stored to be used all year round [10]. The benefits of fish sperm cryopreservation include: (i) storing high-quality sperm for fertilization of oocytes at any time of the year, avoiding the problems of gonadal asynchrony; (ii) establishing databases to carry out a germplasm bank; (iii) optimizing the exchange of semen between reproduction centers; (iv) improving species by allowing the introduction of new genetic lines; and (v) keeping a permanent supply of gametes for optimal use in hatcheries/breeding grounds, or for research [11,12]. However, despite the increasing successes of cryopreservation, this technique may cause serious damage to spermatozoa [13,14].…”

Assessment of Carapace Dimensions, Condition Factor and Sex Ratio of Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758), Along the Mangaluru Coast, Karnataka, India

“…"In addition to supplying nutrition and food security for a considerable portion of the nation's population, India's fishing industry is rapidly expanding and employs more than 28 million people. India, the world's second-largest fish producer, accounts for 7.56% of worldwide production, 1.24% of the nation's Gross Value Added (GVA), and more than 7.28% of its agricultural GVA1" [3]. For millions, fishing and aquaculture remain significant sources of food, nutrition, income, and a way of life.…”

Application of piezoactuators in the technology of low-temperature preservation of fish reproductive cells

“…Nevertheless, the reproductive success of cryopreserved sperm in general is still low, and the technology used requires further improvement. The development of sperm cryobanks in a number of other aquatic animals is not at the stage of advanced commercial application as in domestic mammals [4].…”