Short title: Diploid and triploid Misgurnus hybrid males SummaryDiploid and triploid interspecific hybrid male progeny obtained from mating Misgurnus anguillicaudatus with M. mizoleis were reported to have histologically fertile and sterile testes, respectively. However, their reproductive capacity is still unclear because mating tests have not been examined using mature hybrids. Here, we examined physiological and genetic characteristics of spermatozoa of diploid and triploid hybrids. In diploid hybrid males, 1n, 2n and 4n spermatozoa showing low motility were detected. However, spermatozoa of three diploid hybrid males could generate 2n larvae. Therefore, only 1n spermatozoa of diploid hybrid males was fertile to produce larva. The chromosomes of diploid hybrid males were transmitted to spermatozoa by random segregation between the homologous chromosomes because most larvae had one allele derived from both M. anguillicaudatus and M. mizolepis at all loci examined. In triploid hybrid males, spermatozoa could be categorized to three different types based on their ploidy status. Type 1: In the first and second males, sperm samples mainly comprised 6n spermatozoa. Motility and fertility were not recorded. Type 2: The third male gave a large proportion of 6n spermatozoa as well as a small proportion of 1n spermatozoa. Although no motility was observed, larvae arose from eggs inseminated with such spermatozoa. Type 3: In the fourth male, only 1n spermatozoa were detected and their motility was vigorous. When eggs were fertilized with such 1n spermatozoa, normal larvae hatched. 1n spermatozoa of the triploid hybrid male only included the M. anguillicaudatus genome. In Misgurnus fishes, diploid hybrid males exhibited semi-sterility or slight fertility. On the contrary, triploid hybrid males were sometime fertile due to the production of 1n spermatozoa by a kind of transformation of meiosis like meiotic hybridogenesis. Keywords: Misgurnus, hybrid male, sterility, triploid, spermatozoa
IntroductionDiploid hybrids between two different fish species exhibit gonadal, gametic, or zygotic sterility depending on the combination of species (Chevassus, 1983). However, fertile hybrid fish often show alternative atypical reproduction, such as unreduced gametogenesis, gynogenesis, or hybridogenesis, especially in females (reviewed by Dawley, 1989). On the contrary, hybrid males are usually sterile in most cases, but a reproduction with fertile unreduced sperm was reported in the Iberian minnow with a natural hybrid origin (Alves et al., 1999) and common carp × crucian carp hybrids (Cherfas et al 1994; Liu et al., 2001;Sun et al., 2007).Interspecific hybridization has been regarded as a useful tool for aquaculture to improve growth rate as well as to add desirable traits (Bartley et al., 2001). Moreover, hybridization could be used as a means to prevent biological contamination, because sterile hybrid fishes are not risky to contaminate an indigenous gene pool by escaping from cages to natural environment (Bartley et al., 2001). Ho...