Cryopreservation of houbara semen: A pilot study

Individual Cryopreservation With Dimethyl Sulfoxide and Polyvinylpyrrolidone of Ejaculates and Pooled Semen of Three Avian Species

“…With the sperm evaluation and fertilizing capacity shown through AI, the results obtained in this study, as in other cryopreservation studies of domestic [9,35] and wild [17,24,27,29] species, it is concluded that AI is possible with fresh or frozen semen as an additional approach for reproduction and=or conservation of pheasants and hawks.…”

“…The procedure was carried out based on two techniques [17,25] with some modifications. Semen was frozen in BPSE solution with 3% (v=v) DMSO or 6% (w=v) PVP of ejaculates from each species or pooled semen of rooster and pheasant.…”

Chicks produced in the Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) after cloacal insemination of frozen‐thawed semen

“…In the current research, a DMSO‐based cryodiluent maintained 40% and 52% of the pre‐freeze total sperm motility and viability, respectively at thawing. This result exceeds or is comparable to other avian species where objective measurements of pre‐ and post‐thaw viability and motility have been conducted [Samour et al, ; Hartley et al, ; Long et al, ]. However, when normal morphology is also considered in the evaluation of thawed sperm fertility potential, only 32% of pre‐freeze Magellanic penguin spermatozoa retained motility and normal morphology post‐thawing.…”

“…Aside from the number of functional spermatozoa inseminated, and the site and timing of semen deposition, cryodiluent and freezing methodologies are critical factors influencing the success of AI. In non‐domesticated avians, DMSO‐ or dimethyl acetamide (DMA)‐based cryodiluents have been used in the majority of species where offspring have been produced, albeit using samples cryopreserved under a variety of sperm concentrations, cooling rates, freezing rates, and packaging and with variable fertility and hatchability rates (e.g., Grus canadensis tabida , Blanco et al []; Chlamydotis undulata , Hartley et al []; Chrysolophus amherstiae , Lophura berliozi , Tragopan caboti ; Saint et al []). In the current research, a DMSO‐based cryodiluent maintained 40% and 52% of the pre‐freeze total sperm motility and viability, respectively at thawing.…”

Viability assessment of spermatozoa in large falcons (Falco spp.) using various staining protocols

“…However, various stains and numerous staining protocols have been used for semen analysis in birds. Conventional live/dead stains, such as eosin blue [EB] (Behncke, 2002; Fischer, Neumann, Wehrend, & Lierz, 2014; Lierz, Reinschmidt, Müller, Wink, & Neumann, 2013; Schneider et al., 2017, 2018; Stelzer, Crosta, Bürkle, & Krautwald‐Junghanns, 2005; Stelzer, Schmidt, Sobiraj, & Krautwald‐Junghanns, 2009), eosin–nigrosin [EBN, EYN] (Bailey, 2002; Blanco, Long, Gee, Donoghue, & Wildt, 2008; Chalah & Brillard, 1998; Hartley, Dawson, Lindsay, McCormick, & Wishart, 1999; Madeddu et al., 2009; Saint Jalme, Lecoq, Seigneurin, Blesbois, & Plouzeau, 2003), eosin blue–aniline [EBA] (Bailey, 2002; Varga, Barna, & Almási, 2003) and bromophenol blue–nigrosin [BBN] (Kamar, 1959; Wilson, Warnick, & Gutierrez, 1969), have been used beside several fluorescent probes, such as SYBR ® 14/Green–propidium iodide [SYBR‐PI] and SYBR ® 14/Green–ethidium homodimer 1 [SYBR‐EthD‐1] (Donoghue, Garner, Donoghue, & Johnson, 1995; Garner & Johnson, 1995; Garner, Johnson, Yue, Roth, & Haugland, 1994; Garner, Pinkel, Johnson, & Pace, 1986; Klimowicz‐Bodys, Batkowski, Ochrem, & Savič, 2012). The latter, dual colorimetric fluorescent methods allow the coloration of intracellular structures of cells with damaged outer cellular membranes in one colour and of the genome of vital spermatozoa in a different colour (Chalah & Brillard, 1998).…”