Cryopreservation of Sperm: A Review

Abstract

Sperm cryopreservation has been used as a sperm preservation solution for infertility issues faced by men undergoing cancer treatment for over 40 years. Recent developments in sperm cryopreservation and its wide variety of therapeutic uses are discussed in this article, which offers a succinct and up-to-date overview of the relevant literature. Recently, sperm cryopreservation has been employed for a wider variety of therapeutic purposes. As a result, sperm freezing is becoming available to a wider variety of patients, which requires more specialized personnel and increases overhead expenses. While sperm cryopreservation before cancer treatment is accessible in many countries, oncology doctors' referral rates and patient participation with cryopreservation services have been observed to be poor. In addition, there are still moral concerns with sperm banking, including whether or not donors' identities should be protected and whether or not a deceased person's sperm should be used after his or her death. This article discusses the recent developments in sperm cryopreservation technology and the moral questions that have arisen around this practice, with an eye toward how a deeper knowledge of these concerns can help more people get access to treatments that might help preserve their fertility. A sperm bank will notify clients about the screenings it does and the background information it gathers on individual donors to guarantee the safety and quality of the sperm they get. The viability and quantity of viable sperm in a thawed sample are often guaranteed by a sperm bank. They will look for very fertile males who can donate sperm that can withstand the freezing and thawing procedure. In many cases, sperm banks advertise their samples as having a certain number of viable sperm per milliliter, and they may provide many sample types for various applications (intracytoplasmic sperm injection and intrauterine insemination).

Cryopreservation induces changes in the expression of noncoding RNAs in semen: a mini-review

“…Semen cryopreservation is an important approach for preserving male fertility. It is utilized primarily before gonadotoxic treatment in oncological patients with severe chronic medical conditions and in sperm donation, but it can also be used in severe oligozoospermia cases and ejaculatory disorder cases, and even to overcome logistic issues during in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) [1,2]. Despite being performed for decades and proven safe and effective, the procedure may nevertheless have negative effect on post-thaw sperm quality, specifically decreased viability and motility, in clinical practice [3].…”

Effects of Slow Freezing and Vitrification of Human Semen on Post-Thaw Semen Quality and miRNA Expression

“…The cryopreservation of semen is important for fertility preservation in men with infertility issues, men undergoing vasectomy, gonadotoxic therapy, and gender reassignment [1]. The cryopreservation of sperm is not a new discovery, as the first human births from cryopreserved sperm were reported in 1954 [2].…”