Cryostat for the provision of liquid hydrogen with a variable ortho-para ratio for a low-dimensional cold neutron moderator

Abstract

A significant contribution to the enhancement of the neutron brilliance achievable with Compact Accelerator-driven Neutron Sources (CANS) can be made by an optimized cold moderator design. When using liquid para-H2 as the moderating medium, the concept of low-dimensional cold moderators can be employed to increase the neutron brightness (as currently foreseen at the European Spallation Source ESS). Para-H2 shows a drop in the scattering cross section by about one order of magnitude around 15 meV, resulting in a large deviation between the mean free paths of thermal and cold neutrons. Taking advantage of this effect, the cold moderator geometry can be optimized to allow the intake of thermal neutrons through a relatively large envelope surface and then extracting them in an efficient way towards the neutron guides. One drawback of this solution is the lack of thermalization of the cold neutrons. In the context of the HBS (High Brilliance Neutron Source) project, efforts are made to overcome this problem by increasing the scattering cross section of the H2 in a defined way. The idea is to admix small amounts of ortho-H2, which maintains its large scattering cross section in the region below 15 meV. Like this, the neutron spectrum can be shifted towards lower energies and adjusted for the needs of the respective instruments. In a cooperation between TU Dresden and FZ Jülich, an experimental setup has been created to prove the feasibility of this concept. The main component of the experimental setup is a LHe-cooled flow cryostat that enables the separate condensation of a para-H2 and a normal-H2 flow and a subsequent mixing of the two in precise proportions. The resulting LH2 mixture at 17 - 20 K is fed into a small cold moderator vessel (approx. 200 ml). In this work, the current status of the setup is presented. The construction and commissioning of the mixing cryostat have been completed and first test runs show that different ortho-para-H2 mixtures can be produced. In the near future, the system will be ready for measurements at a neutron source.

Wasserstoff: Ortho/Para‐Umwandlung und Verflüssigung

“…Wirkungsquerschnitt für die Streuung von Neutronen der Energie 0,1–100 meV an H 2 bei 20 K, in bar (10 −28 m 2 ). Verlauf für o‐H 2 (oben) und für p‐H 2 (untere Linie) 5.…”

The High Brilliance neutron Source (HBS): A project for a next generation neutron research facility

“…Table 1. Key parameters of the HBS Accelerator [5] protons of energy 70 MeV, up to 100 mA peak current, beam duty factor of 6%, average proton beam power of 420 kW High Energy Beam Transport (HEBT) [6] multiplexer (kicker & septum magnet) distributing the beam to three TMR stations Target [7] Ta target with microchannel water cooling; 10x10 cm 2 active area; designed for 100 kW power TMR stations [8] TMR 2 : 24 Hz (667 µs p-pulse)) TMR 1 & 3 : 96 Hz (167 µs p-pulse) each TMR offers 12 beam ports Moderators [9,10] thermal moderator: light water cold moderators: 1d «finger» moderators (solid mesitylene, solid methane, liquid para-hydrogen)…”

Sustainable neutrons for today and tomorrow—The Jülich High Brilliance neutron Source project

“…cryogenic supply) and wires (e.g. measurement and control) are located inside the vacuum tube but outside of the cold neutron flight path at the center of the tube [8].…”