Cryotherapy and Sports

Lievens, Pierre; Leduc, A

doi:10.1055/s-2008-1025945

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Lievens and Leduc [37] examined the effect of cold applied to the skin of the mouse and found that temperature lower than 15 o C produced an increase in blood vessel permeability with fluid extravasation and oedema. In a study of the effect of cryotherapy on the deep quadriceps muscle of dogs [41], ice packs were the most effective when compared with gel packs and chemical cold packs.…”

Section: Animal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ice Therapy: How Good is the Evidence?

Dc¹

2001

Int J Sports Med

175

104

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Ice, compression and elevation are the basic principles of acute soft tissue injury. Few clinicians, however, can give specific evidence based guidance on the appropriate duration of each individual treatment session, the frequency of application, or the length of the treatment program. The purpose of this systematic review is to identify the original literature on cryotherapy in acute soft tissue injury and produce evidence based guidance on treatment. A systematic literature search was performed using Medline, Embase, SportDiscus and the database of the National Sports Medicine Institute (UK) using the key words ice, injury, sport, exercise. Temperature change within the muscle depends on the method of application, duration of application, initial temperature, and depth of subcutaneous fat. The evidence from this systematic review suggests that melting iced water applied through a wet towel for repeated periods of 10 minutes is most effective. The target temperature is reduction of 10-15 degrees C. Using repeated, rather than continuous, ice applications helps sustain reduced muscle temperature without compromising the skin and allows the superficial skin temperature to return to normal while deeper muscle temperature remains low. Reflex activity and motor function are impaired following ice treatment so patients may be more susceptible to injury for up to 30 minutes following treatment. It is concluded that ice is effective, but should be applied in repeated application of 10 minutes to be most effective, avoid side effects, and prevent possible further injury.

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Section: Animal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ice Therapy: How Good is the Evidence?

Dc¹

2001

Int J Sports Med

175

104

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“…There appears to be a critical temperature at which the beneficial effects of cryotherapy change into deleterious effects. The exact temperature is not known, but, at temperatures of around 15°C the permeability of the lymph vessels and therefore oedema increases (66).…”

Section: Cold In the Acute Inflammatory Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

Cryotherapy in sports medicine

Swenson¹,

Swärd²,

Karlsson³

1996

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

309

197

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The use of cryotherapy, i.e. the application of cold for the treatment of injury or disease, is widespread in sports medicine today. It is an established method when treating acute soft tissue injuries, but there is a discrepancy between the scientific basis for cryotherapy and clinical studies. Various methods such as ice packs, ice towels, ice massage, gel packs, refrigerant gases and inflatable splints can be used. Cold is also used to reduce the recovery time as part of the rehabilitation programme both after acute injuries and in the treatment of chronic injuries. Cryotherapy has also been shown to reduce pain effectively in the post-operative period after reconstructive surgery of the joints. Both superficial and deep temperature changes depend on the method of application, initial temperature and application time. The physiological and biological effects are due to the reduction in temperature in the various tissues, together with the neuromuscular action and relaxation of the muscles produced by the application of cold. Cold increases the pain threshold, the viscosity and the plastic deformation of the tissues but decreases the motor performance. The application of cold has also been found to decrease the inflammatory reaction in an experimental situation. Cold appears to be effective and harmless and few complications or side-effects after the use of cold therapy are reported. Prolonged application at very low temperatures should, however, be avoided as this may cause serious side-effects, such as frost-bite and nerve injuries. Practical applications, indications and contraindications Effects of cryotherapyCryotherapy is assumed to retard haematoma formation due to capillary constriction and decreased blood flow. It is also assumed that cold reduces the inflammatory response after a soft tissue injury, by

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“…The essential impacts of cryotherapy are probably to be discreetly induced and do not interact with the surrounding tissues. Such results are as follows: the absence of pain; hypometabolism; vascular reactions (Lievens and Leduc, 1984).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Awareness of cryotherapy in sports medical applications among dental students

Masilamani

Ganapathy

2020

ijrps

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Cryotherapy is the use of cold for either the management of injury or illness, has become common across sports medicine. It remains a well-established procedure for managing serious soft tissue damages. However, there is the disparity between both the theoretical evidence for cryotherapy in clinical trials. This survey was performed for assessing the awareness about cryotherapy in sports medical applications amongst dental students. A cross-sectional study was done with a self-administered questionnaire with 10 questions circulated among 100 dental students. The questionnaire assessed the awareness about cryotherapy in sports medical applications, their medicinal uses, anti-inflammatory activity, mechanism of action and side effects. The responses were recorded and analysed. 87% of the respondents were not aware of medical uses of Cryotherapy.73% were not aware of the anti-inflammatory activity of Cryotherapy.83 % were not aware of the mechanism of action of Cryotherapy. 85% were not aware of the side effects of Cryotherapy. The awareness about the use of cryotherapy in sports medical applications is very less among dental students. Increased awareness programs and sensitization and continuing dental education programs along with greater importance to the curricular modifications in sports dentistry should be incorporated to improve the awareness levels.

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Cryotherapy and Sports

Cited by 13 publications

References 3 publications

Ice Therapy: How Good is the Evidence?

Ice Therapy: How Good is the Evidence?

Cryotherapy in sports medicine

Awareness of cryotherapy in sports medical applications among dental students

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