Cryptanalysis of the arbitrated quantum signature protocols

Gao, Fei; Qin, Su‐Juan; Guo, Fu‐Sheng; Wen, Qiaoyan

doi:10.1103/physreva.84.022344

Cited by 159 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

109

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In fact, it is impossible to sign a quantum message [15] using a nonarbitrated scheme [16]. Arbitrated signing of quantum messages has previously been investigated [17][18][19][20].Since messages may be forwarded between recipients, a signature protocol has at least three parties, a sender Alice and two recipients, Bob and Charlie. In QKD, the communicating parties Alice and Bob are assumed to be honest.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Free-Space Quantum Signatures Using Heterodyne Measurements

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Digital signatures guarantee the authorship of electronic communications. Currently used "classical" signature schemes rely on unproven computational assumptions for security, while quantum signatures rely only on the laws of quantum mechanics to sign a classical message. Previous quantum signature schemes have used unambiguous quantum measurements. Such measurements, however, sometimes give no result, reducing the efficiency of the protocol. Here, we instead use heterodyne detection, which always gives a result, although there is always some uncertainty. We experimentally demonstrate feasibility in a real environment by distributing signature states through a noisy 1.6 km free-space channel. Our results show that continuous-variable heterodyne detection improves the signature rate for this type of scheme and therefore represents an interesting direction in the search for practical quantum signature schemes. For transmission values ranging from 100% to 10%, but otherwise assuming an ideal implementation with no other imperfections, the signature length is shorter by a factor of 2 to 10. As compared with previous relevant experimental realizations, the signature length in this implementation is several orders of magnitude shorter. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.100503 Digital signatures [1] are ubiquitous in electronic communication, used in, for example, Email and digital banking. They guarantee the provenance, integrity, and transferability of messages. Currently used classical digital signature schemes, however, rely on unproven computational assumptions [2], and may become insecure especially if quantum computers can be built [3]. Quantum digital signatures (QDSs) [4][5][6][7][8][9][10], on the other hand, give information-theoretic security [7], loosely speaking based on the fact that nonorthogonal quantum states cannot be perfectly distinguished from each other.The first quantum signature schemes assumed tamperproof, "authenticated" quantum communication links. Intuitively, this could be accomplished using parameter estimation techniques similar to those used in quantum key distribution (QKD). How to achieve this was explicitly shown only recently [10,11]. In addition, recent quantum signature schemes [6,9], including our protocol, do not require long-term quantum memory. Importantly, this means that quantum signatures can be implemented with current technology, essentially similar to QKD setups. "Classical" signature schemes with information-theoretic security also exist [12][13][14], but rely on secret shared keys, which could be accomplished using QKD. Quantum signature schemes may have some advantages over schemes relying on shared keys generated using QKD. In particular, the quantum bit error threshold for a signature scheme is in practice less strict than for distilling a secret shared key [11]. In addition, the required postprocessing is less demanding. Exactly what signature schemes are the most efficient, however, remains an open problem.Note that most QDS protocols, including this one, use quantu...

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Free-Space Quantum Signatures Using Heterodyne Measurements

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Whether these countermeasures can overcome all the security problems discovered in Refs. [7][8][9][10] and how to design an AQS scheme which can withstand existing or potential attacks deserve further research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the security of arbitrated quantum signature schemes

Wen

et al. 2012

J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Due to potential capability of providing unconditional security, arbitrated quantum signature (AQS) schemes, whose implementation depends on the participation of a trusted third party, received intense attention in the past decade. Recently, some typical AQS schemes were cryptanalyzed and improved. In this paper, we analyze security property of some AQS schemes and show that all the previous AQS schemes, no matter original or improved, are still insecure in the sense that the messages and the corresponding signatures can be exchanged among different receivers, allowing the receivers to deny accepting the signature of an appointed message. Some further improvement methods on the AQS schemes are also discussed.

show abstract

“…[15], breaking cryptosystems is as important as building them. During the study of quantum cryptography, lots of effective attack strategies have been presented, and then the corresponding defending methods have been put forward [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. In this way, the refinement of quantum cryptography protocol is achieved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Modified Quantum Key Distribution Without Public Announcement Bases Against Photon-Number-Splitting Attack

Lin

Liu

2012

Int J Theor Phys

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The security of quantum cryptography without public announcement bases in photon-number-splitting attack is discussed. Based on unambiguous state discrimination, we propose two attack strategies and shown that partial information about the raw key may be eavesdropped by these attacks. Though this flaw can be overcame by performing classical privacy amplification, it will decrease the efficiency of the protocol greatly. Hence, drawing ideas from cipher block chaining, we put forward a possible modified protocol, which is secure against the presented attacks at zero error.

show abstract

Cryptanalysis of the arbitrated quantum signature protocols

Cited by 159 publications

References 41 publications

Free-Space Quantum Signatures Using Heterodyne Measurements

Free-Space Quantum Signatures Using Heterodyne Measurements

On the security of arbitrated quantum signature schemes

A Modified Quantum Key Distribution Without Public Announcement Bases Against Photon-Number-Splitting Attack

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About