Cryptic Diversity and Host Specificity in Giant Xenos Strepsipterans Parasitic in Large Vespa Hornets

Nakase, Yuta; Katô, Makoto

doi:10.2108/zsj.30.331

Cited by 17 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…For example, populations of the gall midge Dasineura oxycoccana Johnson (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on cranberry and blueberry were recently found to be cryptic species that look identical but produce and respond to different sex pheromone (Fitzpatrick et al 2013). Recent molecular studies lend evidence to suggest that, due to a paucity of morphological features, cryptic lineages may be common in the Strepsiptera (Kathirithamby 2009; Hayward et al 2011, and references therein; Nakase and Kato 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New findings on life history traits ofXenos peckii(Strepsiptera: Xenidae)

et al. 2014

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We studied life history traits of Xenos peckii Kirby (Strepsiptera: Xenidae), a littleknown parasite of the paper wasp Polistes fuscatus (Fabricus) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in North America. We field-collected 24 wasp nests in early July 2012, isolated parasitised wasps, tracked life history events of X. peckii, and recorded such behaviour as emergence of males and mating by normal-speed and high-speed cinematography. To emerge, males first cut the puparium with their mandibles along an ecdysial suture line, and then push aside the pupal cap during emergence. The endoparasitic females engage in active calling (pheromone release) behaviour by slowly inflating their cephalothorax, and then extruding it even farther out of, and tilting it away from, the host wasp abdomen. Seasonal and diel (afternoon) emergence periods of males coincide with seasonal and diel receptivity and calling periods of females. Males approach calling females in a swaying flight with smooth turns. They typically land on the anterior portion of the host wasp's abdomen, and then step backward until they make contact with the cephalothorax of the female. As soon as their mesothoracic legs contact the female's cephalothorax, they curl around it, and the male initiates mating. Thereafter, the female fully retreats and never re-mates. et le faisant pivoter loin de l'abdomen de la guêpe hôte. Les périodes d'émergence saisonnières et journalières (en après-midi) des mâles coïncident avec les périodes saisonnières et journalières de réceptivité et d'appel des femelles. Les mâles s'approchent des femelles en appel en un vol sinueux à virages en douceur. Ils se posent typiquement sur la partie antérieure de l'abdomen de la guêpe hôte et reculent jusqu'à ce qu'ils entrent en contact avec le céphalothorax de la femelle. Dès que les pattes mésothoraciques du mâle touchent le céphalothorax de la femelle, elles se replient autour de lui et le mâle commence l'accouplement. Ensuite, la femelle se retire totalement et ne s'accouple plus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New findings on life history traits ofXenos peckii(Strepsiptera: Xenidae)

et al. 2014

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“…Strepsiptera parasitize a broad range of insect hosts belonging to 34 families comprising apterygotes, endopterygotes, and exopterygotes, and have coevolved with their hosts' life cycles (Kathirithamby, , ). Cryptic species are widespread in Strepsiptera, as is now being revealed by molecular data (Kathirithamby & Johnston, ; Kathirithamby, ; Hayward, McMahon & Kathirithamby, ; Matsumoto et al ., ; Isaka, Ueda & Itin, ; Nakase & Kato, ; Juzová, Nakase & Straka, ).…”

Section: General Overview Of Strepsipteramentioning

confidence: 99%

We do not select, nor are we choosy: reproductive biology of Strepsiptera (Insecta)

Kathirithamby

Hrabar

Delgado

et al. 2015

Biol. J. Linn. Soc.

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The cryptic entomophagous parasitoids in the order Strepsiptera exhibit specific adaptations to each of the 34 families that they parasitize, offering rich opportunities for the study of male-female conflict. We address the compelling question as to how the diversity of Strepsiptera (where cryptic speciation is common) arose. Studying 13 strepsipteran families, including fossil taxa, we explore the genitalic structures of males, the free-living females of the Mengenillidia (suborder), and the endoparasitic females of the Stylopidia (suborder). Inferring from similarity between aedeagi of males either between congeners, heterogeners, or between species within the same taxonomic family, the same of which is true of the cephalothoraces of females, we predict that male-female conflict and a co-evolutionary morphological arms race between sexes is not likely to exist in most species of Strepsiptera. We then review the non-genitalic structures that play a role during sexual communication, and present details of copulatory behaviour. We conclude that Strepsiptera fall within the synchronous sensory exploitation model where short-lived males take advantage of a pre-existing sensory system involving pheromone signals emitted by females.

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“…Several cryptic species were discovered recently using molecular phylogenetic studies, resulting in an increase in the number of narrowly specialized species and a reduction in the number of generalistic species (Hayward et al ., ; Nakase & Kato, ). For example, one species of the genus Xenos , known to be a parasite of several large hornet wasp species, was divided into two different specialized species (Nakase & Kato, ); however, close affinity to host species was not found in Elenchus japonicus Esaki & Hashimoto, 1931 (Matsumoto et al ., ). In the case of the genus Stylops , the species are considered to be largely specialized, though not strictly, to host species in North America (Bohart, ) or Japan (Kifune & Hirashima, ; Kifune & Maeta, ; Kifune, ; Isaka, Ueda & Itino, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Host specialization and species diversity in the genusStylops(Strepsiptera: Stylopidae), revealed by molecular phylogenetic analysis

2015

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Host specialization is an important ecological characteristic of parasitic species. The identification of the parasitic strategy of the genus Stylops (Strepsiptera; Stylopidae) is, however, ambiguous. According to the number of recognized species based on existing taxonomy, highly specialized and supergeneralistic species exist in this genus. Our research aims to clarify the concept of host specialization in the genus Stylops, in which all of the members are parasites of Andrena bees. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of the parasites (mostly females) and the mapping of hosts onto the phylogenetic tree, we tested three hypotheses of host specialization: (1) each species of the genus Stylops is associated with a single host species; (2) Stylops species are specialized to a group of closely related hosts; and (3) a single Stylops species is a generalist, parasitizing all host Andrena species in this particular region. Our evidence clearly shows a close relationship between the parasite and the host: one species of Stylops attacks one or a few host species of Andrena bees, usually from a single subgenus. Moreover, a moderate generalistic strategy is also likely in a few Stylops species. According to our results, the species diversity of the strepsipteran parasites of bees must be reconsidered. A single European species of Stylops should be divided into a higher number of valid species.

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Cryptic Diversity and Host Specificity in Giant Xenos Strepsipterans Parasitic in Large Vespa Hornets

Cited by 17 publications

References 11 publications

New findings on life history traits ofXenos peckii(Strepsiptera: Xenidae)

New findings on life history traits ofXenos peckii(Strepsiptera: Xenidae)

We do not select, nor are we choosy: reproductive biology of Strepsiptera (Insecta)

Host specialization and species diversity in the genusStylops(Strepsiptera: Stylopidae), revealed by molecular phylogenetic analysis

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