Cryptic or mystic? Glacial tree refugia in northern Europe

Tzedakis, Polychronis C.; Emerson, Brent C.; Hewitt, Godfrey M.

doi:10.1016/j.tree.2013.09.001

Cited by 301 publications

(350 citation statements)

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“…Molecular genetic data revealed considerable divergence between populations of many arboreal species in southern refugial centres in Iberia, Italy, the Balkans and Greece. Arboreal refugia and migration paths, identified by both biogeographical, palaeobotanical and phylogeographical studies (Petit et al, 2005;Cheddadi et al, 2006;Magri et al, 2006;Liepelt et al, 2009;Médail and Diadema, 2009;Tzedakis, 2009;Tzedakis et al, 2013), sometimes confirmed the speculated locations (e.g. Bennett et al, 1991) and their link to modern biodiversity hotspots, but most mechanisms still have to be fully understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Pollen-based paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic change at Lake Ohrid (south-eastern Europe) during the past 500 ka

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Lake Ohrid is located at the border between FY-ROM (Former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia) and Albania and formed during the latest phases of Alpine orogenesis. It is the deepest, the largest and the oldest tectonic lake in Europe. To better understand the paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental evolution of Lake Ohrid, deep drilling was carried out in 2013 within the framework of the Scientific Collaboration on Past Speciation Conditions (SCOP-SCO) project that was funded by the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP). Preliminary results indicate that lacustrine sedimentation of Lake Ohrid started between 1.2 and 1.9 Ma ago. Here we present new pollen data (selected percentage and concentration taxa/groups) of the uppermost ∼ 200 m of the 569 m long DEEP core drilled in the depocentre of Lake Ohrid. The study is the fruit of a cooperative work carried out in several European palynological laboratories. The age model of this part of the core is based on 10 tephra layers and on tuning of biogeochemical proxy data to orbital parameters.According to the age model, the studied sequence covers the last ∼ 500 000 years at a millennial-scale resolution (∼ 1.6 ka) and records the major vegetation and climate changes that occurred during the last 12 (13 only pro parte) marine isotope stages (MIS). Our results indicate that there is a general good correspondence between forested/nonforested periods and glacial-interglacial cycles of the marine isotope stratigraphy. The record shows a progressive change from cooler and wetter to warmer and drier interglacial conditions. This shift in temperature and moisture availability is visible also in vegetation during glacial periods.The period corresponding to MIS11 (pollen assemblage zone OD-10, 428-368 ka BP) is dominated by montane trees such as conifers. Mesophilous elements such as deciduous and semi-deciduous oaks dominate forest periods of MIS5 (PASZ OD-3, 129-70 ka BP) and MIS1 (PASZ OD-1, 14 ka BP to present). Moreover, MIS7 . Steppes (open vegetation formations typical of dry environments) prevail during MIS6 and during MIS4-2 (PASZ OD-2, 70-14 ka).Our palynological results support the notion that Lake Ohrid has been a refugium area for both temperate and montane trees during glacials. Closer comparisons with other long southern European and Near Eastern pollen records will be achieved through ongoing high-resolution studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Pollen-based paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic change at Lake Ohrid (south-eastern Europe) during the past 500 ka

et al. 2016

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“…A significant role in the development of the diversity of European beech was played by the areas where the migration routes from different refugia interacted during the postglacial recolonisation (Comps et al 2001;Widmer and Lexer 2001;Petit et al 2003). Moreover, the latest paleoecological and phylogeographical research indicates the former existence of potential northern refugial areas, which survived the period of glaciations due to favourable climatic-habitat conditions (Willis and van Andel 2004;Tzedakis et al 2013). So far, the role of such refugia in the analysis of the genetic variation within Europe has been underestimated (Willis and van Andel 2004;Svenning and Skov 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of genetic diversity in <i>Fagus sylvatica</i> at the north-eastern edge of the natural range

Kempf¹,

Konnert²

2016

Silva Fenn.

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Distribution of genetic diversity in Fagus sylvatica at the north-eastern edge of the natural rangeKempf M., Konnert M. (2016). Distribution of genetic diversity in Fagus sylvatica at the north-eastern edge of the natural range. Silva Fennica vol. 50 no. 4 article id 1663. 17 p. http://dx.doi.org/10.14214/sf.1663. Highlights• European beech at the north-eastern edge of its natural range in Poland have a high level of genetic variation, similar to the populations from Central Europe.• The differences between the beech provenances from the two centres in Poland, which were previously identified on the basis of pollen analyses and phenotypic traits, have now been genetically confirmed. AbstractAn understanding of the genetic variation of the beech, especially at the edge of its natural distribution, is essential because of the change in natural distribution of the species resulting from changing climatic conditions. The main aim of the study was to determine the level of genetic diversity of European beech at the north-eastern edge of its natural range. The other aim was to check the genetic variation of beech from the two centres, the north and the south of Poland, which were identified in previous findings based on pollen analyses and phenotypic traits. The research material was the progeny of twelve beech provenances. The genetic structure of the populations was determined by ten highly variable microsatellite DNA loci. The results confirmed the high genetic diversity of beech at the north-eastern edge of its natural distribution, which infers the probability of their good adaptation to the changing climate and an extension of the range. Genetic analyses confirmed the existence of two genetic centres for beech in Poland. The populations from south-eastern Poland had a slightly higher diversity than the populations from the north-western area, which may indicate that the colonisation of Poland occurred by two routes. The results are important for creating the borders of the provenance regions and for limiting the transfer of seeds and seedlings. The choice of forest reproductive material, based on the knowledge of genetic diversity, is very important for the stability of future forests.

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“…Small, ''cryptic'' refugia also existed in Northern Europe during glacial periods (Stewart et al 2010). However, these northern cryptic refugia allowed the persistence of a very limited number of species, and their role in determining current distribution patterns is debated (Tzedakis et al 2013;Rull 2014). Moreover, while areas in Southern European regions acted as long-term refugia, which were inhabited throughout full glacial-interglacial cycles, refugial areas in northern regions were inhabited only during the contraction phases (Stewart et al 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic diversity of regional beetle faunas at high latitudes: patterns, drivers and chance along ecological gradients

2015

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Patterns in phylogenetic diversity are poorly known for many taxonomic groups, including hyperdiverse insect taxa. We contrasted patterns in the species richness and phylogenetic diversity of provincial beetle faunas in northern Europe (54°N to 71°N). We found that species richness and phylogenetic diversity varied rather predictably along ecogeographical gradients, with species richness and a proxy measure of phylogenetic diversity, average taxonomic distinctness (AvTD), decreasing from south to north and being strongly positively related to maximum temperature. A proxy measure of variation in phylogenetic diversity, variation in taxonomic distinctness (VarTD), was also strongly related to maximum temperature, but the relationship was negative. This was a novel finding, showing a reversed latitudinal gradient in biodiversity. In more than half of the provinces, AvTD value was significantly less than expected by chance. Also, more than half of the provinces showed significantly higher VarTD values than expected based on random draws of species. Our results showed that the phylogenetic diversity of beetle faunas is rather strongly associated with climatic gradients at high latitudes. Given that climatic variability and temperature extremes are correlated with phylogenetic diversity, climate change is likely to modify strongly this facet of diversity. Average phylogenetic Communicated by Dirk Sven Schmeller. Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (diversity is likely to increase in the northernmost parts of the study area if climate and vegetation become more suitable for many southern beetle species. Our statistical approach to test chance expectations based on random draws of species from larger-scale species pool is highly flexible in tackling this question when true phylogenies are not available.

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Cryptic or mystic? Glacial tree refugia in northern Europe

Cited by 301 publications

References 61 publications

Pollen-based paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic change at Lake Ohrid (south-eastern Europe) during the past 500 ka

Pollen-based paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic change at Lake Ohrid (south-eastern Europe) during the past 500 ka

Distribution of genetic diversity in <i>Fagus sylvatica</i> at the north-eastern edge of the natural range

Phylogenetic diversity of regional beetle faunas at high latitudes: patterns, drivers and chance along ecological gradients

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Cryptic or mystic? Glacial tree refugia in northern Europe

Cited by 301 publications

References 61 publications

Pollen-based paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic change at Lake Ohrid (south-eastern Europe) during the past 500 ka

Pollen-based paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic change at Lake Ohrid (south-eastern Europe) during the past 500 ka

Distribution of genetic diversity in <i>Fagus sylvatica</i> at the north-eastern edge of the natural range

Phylogenetic diversity of regional beetle faunas at high latitudes: patterns, drivers and chance along ecological gradients

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Pollen-based paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic change at Lake Ohrid (south-eastern Europe) during the past 500 ka

Pollen-based paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic change at Lake Ohrid (south-eastern Europe) during the past 500 ka