Crypto-Giardia antigen rapid test versus conventional modified Ziehl-Neelsen acid fast staining method for diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis

Zaglool, Dina Abdulla Muhammad; Am, Mohamed; Khodari, Yousif Abdul Wahid; Farooq, Mian Usman

doi:10.1016/s1995-7645(13)60025-5

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…infection compared to the 5.5 % found here (Minak et al 2012;Garcia et al 2003;Zaglool et al 2013). A high threshold for the detection of specific antigens is presumably in cause, accounting for the low sensitivity observed here, as sensitivities of 62 % to 81 % have been obtained, depending on parasite load in previous studies (Chartier et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Low sensitivity of the ImmunocardSTAT® Crypto/Giardia Rapid Assay test for the detection of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in fecal samples from children living in Libreville, Central Africa

et al. 2015

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Giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis are now recognized as neglected tropical parasitic diseases. The risk of their dissemination in developing countries, such as Gabon, is increasing, due to urban crowding and poor sanitation. Accurate, simple and rapid diagnosis tools are thus necessary for the estimation of their real burden. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performances of the ImmunocardSTAT Ò Crypto/Giardia Rapid Assay test for the detection of Cryptosporidium (C.) spp. and Giardia (G.) duodenalis in children living in Libreville, Gabon. Stool samples of 173 healthy children were screened by routine microscopic using the merthiolate iodine formol concentration technique for Giardia, the modified Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) staining for Cryptosporidium and the Immunocard-STAT Ò Crypto/Giardia RDT for the detection of Giardia and Cryptosporidium parasite forms and antigens respectively. G. duodenalis was detected with microscopy and the ImmunocardSTAT Ò Crypto/Giardia in 27 (15.6 %) and 22 (13.3 %) fecal samples respectively. C. spp. oocysts were found in 18 (10.4 %) ones, whereas only one sample was positive with the immunochromatographic assay. When microscopic examination was considered as the reference method, sensitivity and specificity of the Immunocard-STAT Ò Crypto/Giardia Rapid Assay were found to be 63.0 %, 96.6 and 5.5 %, 99.3 % for G. duodenalis and C. spp. respectively. The prevalence of G. duodenalis and C. spp. carriage is high in children from Libreville. A low sensitivity of the ImmunocardSTAT Ò Crypto/Giardia for the detection of both parasites is observed. It is thus inappropriate as a diagnostic tool for detecting asymptomatic carriers.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Low sensitivity of the ImmunocardSTAT® Crypto/Giardia Rapid Assay test for the detection of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in fecal samples from children living in Libreville, Central Africa

et al. 2015

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“…in faecal samples. Studies conducted by Zaglool et al (2013) and Quílez et al (1996) in the diagnosis of Cryptosporidium spp. by mZN test indicated low sensitivities (73.3% and 79.3%, respectively) and a specificity approximating to the present study (95% and 100%, respectively).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in young livestock and dogs in Magude District of Maputo Province, Mozambique

Miambo

Laitela

Malatji

et al. 2019

Onderstepoort j. vet. res.

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Background: Giardia and Cryptosporidium species are significant zoonotic parasites of humans and domesticated animals.Objectives: The study aimed to determine the prevalence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in livestock and dogs of the Magude District.Method: The flotation technique (Willis), modified Ziehl-Neelsen (mZN) and direct and indirect immunofluorescence (DIF and IIF) techniques were applied to determine the prevalence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium species in faecal samples of dog pups (156), goat kids (60) and calves (480) from the Magude District of Mozambique from February to September 2015.Results: Using Willis, IIF and DIF, the prevalence of Giardia in calves was 0%, 8.1%, and 6.0%; in dogs 0.6%, 8.3% and 5.7% and for goats 0% and 13.3% (IIF was not performed), respectively. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium in calves using Willis, mZN, IIF and DIF was 0%, 3.8%, 4.7% and 0.4% and in dogs 0%, 0.6%, 6.4% and 0.6%, respectively. The parasite was not detected in goats.Conclusion: Results from the present study showed that IIF performed better diagnosis of Giardia and Cryptosporidium, and that the mZN can be used as an alternative for Cryptosporidium because of the high cost of IIF. There is a need for identification of genotypes or subtypes of these parasites through application of molecular techniques in order to determine their zoonotic potential, and we advocate a ‘one health’ approach in the control and prevention of these parasites.

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“…Concentration methods using the principals of flotation and sedimentation have been widely used, with solutions such as sucrose, salt, zinc sulphate and formolether [111,112] . The staining methods of most commonly used are the modified Ziehl-Neelson acid-fast stain and modified Kinyoun's acid-fast stain [113,114] . Differential staining methods such as safranin-methylene blue are also used [115] .…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptosporidiosis as threatening health problem: A review

Rossle

Latif

2013

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine

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The protozoa under the genus Cryptosporidium is a zoonotic apicomplexan obligate intracellular parasite. Cryptosporidiosis, the term used to designate infection caused by Cryptosporidium sp., is considered as one of the most common food and waterborne diseases with worldwide spread, acting as a common cause of diarrhoea in animals and man. In immunocompetent individuals, Cryptosporidium typically induces self-limiting diarrhoea, which may resolve on its own after 2-3 d. However, cryptosporidiosis may turn life-threatening and subsequently lead to death in small children, the elderly and immunocompromised person, especially in AIDS patient. The diagnosis for Cryptosporidium infection is usually carried out through examination of stool for the presence of oocysts which measured 4-6 μm with spherical appearance. Morphometric identification is often difficult because of the diminutive size and obscure internal structure of the protozoa. Often, the identification of Cryptosporidium is realised through the combination of methods incorporating data from morphometrics, molecular techniques, and host specificity. However, limitations to some of these techniques still exist whether because of cost, duration, expertise, or reliability. Drugs combination is implemented in treatment of cryptosporidiosis. The efficiency of paromomycin, an aminocyclitol antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces, can be effective when combined use with protease inhibitors or recombinant IL-12. Since there is no drug that achieves the complete removal of Cryptosporidium from the host, supportive therapy was preferred in both human and domestic animals.

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Crypto-Giardia antigen rapid test versus conventional modified Ziehl-Neelsen acid fast staining method for diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis

Abstract: CA-RT immunoassay is more valid and reliable than MZN-AF staining method.

Cited by 20 publications

References 10 publications

Low sensitivity of the ImmunocardSTAT® Crypto/Giardia Rapid Assay test for the detection of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in fecal samples from children living in Libreville, Central Africa

Low sensitivity of the ImmunocardSTAT® Crypto/Giardia Rapid Assay test for the detection of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in fecal samples from children living in Libreville, Central Africa

Prevalence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in young livestock and dogs in Magude District of Maputo Province, Mozambique

Cryptosporidiosis as threatening health problem: A review

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