Cryptococcal meningitis post-covid-19 infection: Immunomodulation, a double-edged sword

Abdessamad, Hilal W; Achkar, Michel; Al Zoghbi, Amal; Fleifel, Mohamad; Ousta, Abdul Rahman; Kassar, Ahmad; Samaha, Nadia L; Nemr, Rita; Farra, Anna; Mokhbat, Jacques E; Husni, Rola

doi:10.3855/jidc.17170

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 56 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…Of the total number of patients, the male sex was affected in 48 cases while the median age was 60 years, with statistically significant differences between the two groups: alive versus dead in both variables ( p value = 0.0203 and 0.0332, respectively). Of 60 patients with available information, 31 were from the United States 15 , 16 , 19 – 40 (51.6%), 8 from Peru 41 (13.3%), 7 from Brazil 14 , 42 – 47 (11.6%), and 2 from India 48 , 49 and Italy 50 , 51 (3.3% each), while the rest were from Canada, 52 Colombia, 53 China, 54 the Czech Republic, 55 the UK, 56 Uganda, 57 Qatar, 58 Lebanon, 59 Spain, 60 and Germany 61 ( n = 1; 1.7% each).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 associated with cryptococcosis: a scoping review

Quincho-Lopez,

Poma,

José Montenegro-Idrogo

2024

Therapeutic Advances in Infection

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Background: There is growing evidence of fungal infections associated with COVID-19. The development of cryptococcosis in these patients has been infrequently reported. However, it can be life-threatening. Objective: To identify cases of COVID-19 patients who developed cryptococcosis and to compare baseline characteristics and management between those who survived and those who died. Methods: We conducted a scoping review using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase to identify studies that reported patients with COVID-19 and cryptococcosis. No language restriction was applied. Single case reports, case series, and original articles were included. It is important to note that ‘ n’ refers to the total number of individuals with the specified variable. Results: A total of 58 studies were included. Among these studies, 51 included individual patient data, detailing information on a total of 65 patients, whereas eight studies reported the proportion of cryptococcosis in COVID-19 patients. One study provided both individual and aggregate case information. From individual patient data, the majority were male (73.9%; n = 48) with a median age of 60 years (range: 53–70). Severe COVID-19 and multiple comorbidities, led by arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus, were frequently reported, but few had classic immunosuppression factors. On the other hand, HIV status, either negative or positive, was reported in just over half of the patients (61.5%; n = 40). Most were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) (58.5%; n = 31), received mechanical ventilation (MV) (50.0%; n = 26), and developed disseminated cryptococcosis (55.4%; n = 36). Secondary infection, mainly bacterial, was reported in 19 patients (29.2%). Mortality was 47.7% ( n = 31). Of the studies that reported the proportion of cryptococcosis in COVID-19 cases, the majority were descriptive studies published as conference abstracts. Conclusion: Cryptococcosis in COVID-19 patients has been reported more frequently. However, it is still not as common as other fungal infections associated with COVID-19. Few patients have some classic immunosuppression factors. The factors associated with mortality were male sex, age, ICU admission, MV, secondary infections, and lymphopenia.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 associated with cryptococcosis: a scoping review

Quincho-Lopez,

Poma,

José Montenegro-Idrogo

2024

Therapeutic Advances in Infection

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Multiple drugs

2024

Reactions Weekly

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Case report: Experience and insights on the treatment of two cases of cryptococcal meningitis during the later stages of the COVID-19 pandemic

Zhou,

Qiu,

Jiang

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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In the late stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, there’s an increasing trend in opportunistic infections, including bacterial and fungal infections. This study discusses the treatment process of two cases of cryptococcal meningitis during the COVID-19 pandemic. It highlights the importance of laboratory testing for these co-infections and stresses the need for vigilance, early diagnosis, and proactive treatment to improve patient outcomes in the post-pandemic era.

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Cryptococcal meningitis post-covid-19 infection: Immunomodulation, a double-edged sword

Cited by 5 publications

References 56 publications

COVID-19 associated with cryptococcosis: a scoping review

COVID-19 associated with cryptococcosis: a scoping review

Multiple drugs

Case report: Experience and insights on the treatment of two cases of cryptococcal meningitis during the later stages of the COVID-19 pandemic

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