Cryptococcal panniculitis in a renal transplant recipient: case report and review of literature

Kothiwala, Sunil K; Prajapat, Mahesh; Kuldeep, Chhitar Mal; Jindal, Ankur

doi:10.3315/jdcr.2015.1205

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In disseminated HIV cryptococcal infection, molluscum-like cutaneous lesions may be seen [26]. Immuno-compromised individuals, including solid organ transplant recipients, are at higher risk for cryptococcal infections [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and clinical outcome of Cryptococcosis in a nation with advanced HIV surveillance program

et al. 2019

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Background: Cryptococcosis is a major opportunistic invasive mycosis that mostly affects immunocompromised patients. Methods: This was an observational study of all culture-confirmed cases of cryptococcosis conducted in the State of Qatar from January 2005 to December 2016. Cryptococcus fungi were identified using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Results: Fourteen culture-confirmed cases of cryptococcosis were identified during the study period. Four patients had a Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection with low CD4 count and five were receiving immunosuppressant medications. The rest of the patients were apparently immuno-competent. The central nervous system was the most common site of infection (57%) followed by bloodstream infection (36%) and pneumonia (14%). One patient had a cryptococcal scrotal infection. Twelve isolates were Cryptococcus neoformans and 2 were Cryptococcus laurentii. All isolates were within the wild type ECV values to amphotericin B and fluconazole. Only 2 patients with bloodstream infection (HIV negative) died. The rest were cured of the infection. Conclusion: Cryptococcosis is a rare fungal disease in the State of Qatar, mostly diagnosed in Asian immigrants. The central nervous system is the most common site of infection. The presence of the fungus in the blood carries a high mortality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and clinical outcome of Cryptococcosis in a nation with advanced HIV surveillance program

et al. 2019

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“…Cryptococcus neoformans is present in soils enriched by bird excreta; fruits may also harbor the yeast. It is usually acquired through inhalation of airborne spores [ 9 , 10 ]. However, our patient had no history of cutaneous injury, outdoor activities, and exposure to bird droppings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In immunocompetent hosts, the infection is usually limited to the lungs, with self-limited flu-like symptoms. Although cryptococcosis has been commonly encountered among the HIV-infected population, there are reports of cryptococcosis in non-HIV-infected patients such as human stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients, solid organ transplant recipients, patients with hematologic malignancies, and patients with other malignancies [ 10 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A 36-Year-Old Renal Transplant Recipient Female with Leg Ulcer: A Case Report and Brief Review

Monfared

Eftekhari

Mesbah

et al. 2018

Case Reports in Infectious Diseases

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Background Opportunistic infections are common in organ transplant recipients. After 6 months of transplantation, patients have the highest risk of opportunistic infections such as cryptococcosis. Case Presentation The report presents the case of a 36-year-old female renal transplant recipient, with complaints of few subcutaneous painful and warm nodules and large, warm, erythematous, nontender plaques on the mildly edematous right leg and ankle. Incisional biopsy of the subcutaneous nodule over the leg showed panniculitis with small- to medium-sized vasculitis associated with round yeast forms, and culture of the fragments revealed C. neoformans var. grubii. Conclusions This article also reviews in brief the treatment of this rare complication. Reviewing the literature showed that since the cryptococcal cutaneous lesions are often nonspecific, the clinical picture solely is not enough to construct a definite diagnosis and there must be a high clinical suspicion.

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“…Local cutaneous cryptococcosis in Japan 19) No . In solid organ transplant recipients, cellulitis of the lower limb is a characteristic clinical presentation 27) . The occurrence of cutaneous cryptococcosis mimicking pyoderma gangrenosum has been reported 28) .…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Cutaneous Cryptococcosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous Cryptococcosis

Noguchi

Matsumoto

Kimura

et al. 2019

Medical Mycology Journal

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Cutaneous cryptococcosis is classified either as primary or secondary based on the route of infection. The disease can also be classified either as localized cutaneous cryptococcosis or cutaneous manifestations of disseminated cryptococcosis. However, from a physician's point of view, whether lesions are localized to the skin or are disseminated/systemic is more important than the route of infection. The Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cryptococcosis, which was established in 2019 by the Japanese Society for Medical Mycology, adopted the latter classification. Localized cutaneous cryptococcosis is defined as a condition in which lesions are confined within a limited part of the skin, not systemically disseminated at the same time, and are associated with neither cryptococcal fungemia nor antigenemia. This type of cutaneous cryptococcosis is uncommon in Japan. Only 65 cases were reported during the 50-year study period from 1968 to August 2018, with the patients divided into two groups: immunocompromised patients (n = 44, 68%) and immunocompetent patients (n = 21, 32%). None of the patients were infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Localized cutaneous cryptococcosis can also occur in non-HIV-infected patients and well-appearing individuals, therefore, it is considered an important infection in routine dermatology practice. Here, we outline the classification, diagnosis, and treatment of cutaneous cryptococcosis and present a summary of cutaneous cryptococcosis cases reported in Japan.

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Cryptococcal panniculitis in a renal transplant recipient: case report and review of literature

Cited by 12 publications

References 22 publications

Incidence and clinical outcome of Cryptococcosis in a nation with advanced HIV surveillance program

Incidence and clinical outcome of Cryptococcosis in a nation with advanced HIV surveillance program

A 36-Year-Old Renal Transplant Recipient Female with Leg Ulcer: A Case Report and Brief Review

Cutaneous Cryptococcosis

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