Cryptococcosis and multiple squamous cell tumors associated with a T-cell defect

Heenan, Peter J.; Dawkins, Roger L.

doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19810115)47:2<291::aid-cncr2820470214>3.0.co;2-4

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The tests performed were not uniform and included delayed type hypersensitivity skin testing, rosette formation, lymphocyte response to mitogens, phytohemagglutinin transformation and interleukin-2 quantification. Only two other patients besides the one we report had T cell quantification (44,45). Fifty-six per cent (25 of 45) of patients had no obvious predisposing factor for this infection and on clinical grounds were 'immunocompetent'.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 60%

Skeletal Cryptococcosis: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Wood

Miedzinski

1995

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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A case of isolated cryptococcal skull infection is presented in a patient with unexplained CD4 lymphopenia and chronic hepatitis B. All cases of this disease reported in the English literature from 1956 to the present are reviewed. The literature suggests that skeletal cryptococcosis is manifested in only 5% to 10% of recognized cases of disseminated cryptococcosis and that isolated skeletal disease without evidence of other tissue involvement is even less common. When isolated bony disease does occur it tends to occur in immunocompromised hosts, particularly those with defects of cell mediated immunity. Any bony site can be involved, most commonly the vertebrae, with the presentation often being a soft tissue swelling and pain in the affected area. Systemic constitutional symptoms occur in a minority of patients. Radiographic investigations are nonspecific and the gold standard of diagnosis remains culture isolation from bone tissue. The most commonly employed therapy for isolated bone disease is amphotericin alone or combined with surgical debridement. The new azoles may have a role in future therapy.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 60%

Skeletal Cryptococcosis: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Wood

Miedzinski

1995

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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“…T lymphocytes are clearly important in protection against the yeast-like organism Cryptococcus neoformans, the etiological agent of cryptococcosis. This is evident from the fact that the individuals most susceptible to disseminated cryptococcal infections are those with T-cell deficiencies, especially individuals with AIDS (3,6,14,27). The need for T lymphocytes in protection against C. neoformans also has been well documented with the murine model (8,9,15,22).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of immunization with Cryptococcus neoformans cells or cryptococcal culture filtrate antigen on direct anticryptococcal activities of murine T lymphocytes

Muth

Murphy

1995

Infect Immun

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Immunizing CBA/J mice with intact Cryptococcus neoformans cells or with a cryptococcal culture filtrate antigen (CneF) induces an anticryptococcal delayed-type hypersensitivity response. Recently, it has been shown that two phenotypically different T-cell populations are responsible for delayed-type hypersensitivity reactivity in mice immunized with intact cryptococcal cells, whereas only one of those populations is present in mice immunized with soluble cryptococcal antigens in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). The purpose of this study was to determine if differences occur with regard to direct anticryptococcal activity between T-lymphocyteenriched populations from mice immunized with intact viable or dead cryptococcal cells and similar cell populations from mice immunized with the soluble cryptococcal culture filtrate antigen, CneF, emulsified in CFA. The percentage of lymphocytes which form conjugates with C. neoformans and the percentage of cryptococcal growth inhibition in vitro are greater with T-lymphocyte-enriched populations from mice sublethally infected with C. neoformans or from mice immunized with intact heat-killed cryptococcal cells in the presence or absence of CFA than with lymphocyte populations from mice immunized with CneF-CFA. Enhanced anticryptococcal activity of T lymphocytes could be induced by immunizing mice with heat-killed C. neoformans cells of serotype A, B, C, or D as well as by immunizing with a similar preparation of an acapsular C. neoformans mutant but not by immunizing with CFA emulsified with CneF prepared from any one of the C. neoformans isolates. These data indicate that the soluble cryptococcal culture filtrate antigens do not induce the same array of functional T lymphocytes as whole cryptococcal cells.

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“…The incidence of the opportunistic fungal disease cryptococcosis has been rising over recent years due, in large part, to an increasing immunocompromised population resulting from immunosuppressive therapies and AIDS (4,22,42). Systemic infections with Cryptococcus neoformans are frequently fatal for patients with compromised cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses (5,10) even when current therapies are administered (9,29,39). At the present time, the host mechanisms by which C. neoformans infections are cleared from the immunocompetent host are not thoroughly understood.…”

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confidence: 99%

Direct anticryptococcal activity of lymphocytes from Cryptococcus neoformans-immunized mice

Muth

Murphy

1995

Infect Immun

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Assessment of the direct anticryptococcal activity of murine lymphocytes from both Cryptococcus neoformansimmunized and control mice was the focus of this investigation. We demonstrate that at a 2:1 effector cell-to-cryptococcal target cell ratio, effector cell populations comprised of ␣␤ T-cell receptor-positive T lymphocytes (98 to 99% CD3 ؉) from C. neoformans-immunized mice inhibited the growth of cryptococcal cells better than similar populations of lymphocytes from nonimmunized control mice. Almost immediately after mixing of cryptococci with the effector cells, C. neoformans-lymphocyte conjugates were observed. The percentage of conjugates increased over the first 30 min of incubation and then remained constant over the next 1.5 h. T-lymphocyte-enriched populations from C. neoformans-immunized mice formed significantly greater percentages of conjugates with cryptococci than control T lymphocytes at each time period that assessment was made. For growth inhibition to occur, direct contact between the effector and target cells was necessary, as evidenced by abrogation of cryptococcal growth inhibition when lymphocyte and cryptococcal cell populations were separated by a porous membrane during the growth inhibition assay. Vital staining of cryptococci after incubation with the T-cell-enriched populations showed that the T lymphocytes killed the cryptococcal cells.

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Cryptococcosis and multiple squamous cell tumors associated with a T-cell defect

Cited by 7 publications

References 15 publications

Skeletal Cryptococcosis: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Skeletal Cryptococcosis: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Effects of immunization with Cryptococcus neoformans cells or cryptococcal culture filtrate antigen on direct anticryptococcal activities of murine T lymphocytes

Direct anticryptococcal activity of lymphocytes from Cryptococcus neoformans-immunized mice

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