Cryptococcus neoformans en heces de palomas (Columba livia) en Lima Metropolitana

Abstract

Objetivos: Investigar la presencia del hongo levaduriforme Cryptococcus neoformans en heces de palomas domésticas (Columba livia). Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado en la ciudad de Lima-Perú. Se recolectaron 300 muestras de heces encontradas en los suelos de parques y hospitales. Además se tomó 30 muestras de las cloacas de algunas palomas capturadas. Resultados: Se aisló el hongo en 47 muestras de las que 7 correspondieron al Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans pero no se aisló el hongo en cloaca. Las 7 cepas aisladas tuvieron 100% de sensibilidad frente a Anfotericin B, Nistatina y Clotrimazol; además presentaron 100% de resistencia a Fluconazol e Itraconazol y 57% de resistencia a Ketoconazol. Conclusiones: Cryptococcus neoformans se encuentra presente en heces de palomas en Lima Metropolitana.

Environmental Status of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii in Colombia

“…Similar results were also found in the regions of Popayán, Cundinamarca, Bogotá, and Cali (Figure 4). Likewise, this species is strongly associated with avian droppings, generally from pigeons (C. livia) [87], which is consistent with the findings described Kwon-Chung and Bennett in 1984 [47], who established the primary environmental source of C. neoformans as being pigeon droppings, which was contrary to the findings reported by Cogliati et al, who that suggested that poultry feces is a secondary and transitory niche [53,93].…”

“…According to the samples registered for the different studies, the presence of the C. neoformans complex is generally associated with debris from trees of the genus Eucalyptus and Ficus sp., as stated by Lazéra et al [ 96 ] and Cogliati et al, who found associations with arboreal specimens as niches and stable reservoirs [ 53 , 93 ]. Similar results were also found in the regions of Popayán, Cundinamarca, Bogotá, and Cali ( Figure 4 ).…”

“…In addition, the probability of finding Cryptococcus is higher if the samples are wet, as shown by Quintero et al In Cundinamarca region, 88% of the isolates were recovered from the cold thermal floor, with high precipitation and relatively humid environmental conditions, which favored the occurrence and spread of the fungus in the environment, as reported by Cogliati et al, who found a higher occurrence of the fungus in rainy seasons or wet periods [ 53 , 93 ]. Similar to the Cundinamarca study, a study carried out in Australia established that yeast could be isolated from eucalyptus debris and pigeon droppings, however the study had a particular focus on cold seasons with high relative humidity [ 54 , 94 ].…”

“…This complex is generally associated with birds’ excreta, especially from pigeons ( C. livia ) [ 48 ], saprophytic sources of the C. neoformans complex and the soil contaminated with it [ 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 ]. The high contents of nitrogen, creatinine, and salts present in these wastes generate an appropriate environment for the growth of the fungus [ 53 , 54 ]. The pigeon feces, having low moisture content and low exposure to sunlight, are reservoirs for the C. neoformans complex [ 23 ].…”

Doenças infecciosas e parasitárias no contexto brasileiro

“…A infecção pode ser apenas pulmonar ou disseminada, causando uma micose sistêmica, podendo afetar até mesmo o sistema nervoso central (meningite fúngica). A criptococose é mais comum em pessoas imunocomprometidas, sendo, portanto, considerada uma doença oportunista (HUAMÁN et al, 2018).…”