Cryptographic Accumulator and Its Application: A Survey

Abstract

Since the concept of cryptographic accumulators was first proposed in 1993, it has received continuous attention from researchers. The application of the cryptographic accumulator is also more extensive. This paper makes a systematic summary of the cryptographic accumulator. Firstly, descriptions and characteristics of cryptographic accumulators are given, and the one-way accumulator, collision-free accumulator, dynamic accumulator, and universal accumulator are introduced, respectively. Cryptographic accumulator can be divided into two types: symmetric accumulator and asymmetric accumulator. In the asymmetric accumulator, three different cryptographic accumulator schemes were classified based on three security assumptions. Finally, this paper summarized the applications of cryptographic accumulators in ring signature, group signature, encrypted data search, anonymous credentials, and cryptographic promise.

Detection Algorithm of Surface Defect Word on Printed Circuit Board

“…The resolution of the PCB defect data set is a large size, fine image, and high quality defect images, but the defect detection model selected in this paper cannot directly detect defects in the original image due to the default defect image input size of 416 × 416 pixels in this network model, so there is a problem of non-conformity between the original image and the supported input image size [21].…”