Cryptography

Queen Victoria through Punjabi Eyes: The Travel Writings of Hardevi

“…These archival footprints point to the development of reform organizations, "associational publics," 5 and print proliferation in Punjab at the end of the nineteenth century. The Arya Samaj, Singh Sabha, and the Ahmaddiya Movement are examples of reformist associations in nineteenth-century Punjab, respectively identified as Hindu, Sikh, and Muslim.…”

“…It is unfair to continue to imprison our daughters within this torturous custom which has harmed them immensely and rendered them illiterate. (5)(6) Thus the narrator treats Muslim women as "the Other" even while she wishes to create and consolidate a community of women. She invokes the "just" nature of British rule to seek administrative intervention to better the condition of women (the primary subject of reform clearly being a middle-class, upper-caste Hindu woman).…”