Cryptorchism, hypogonadism and antler malformations in black-tailed deer(Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis) of Kodiak island

Bubenik, George A.; Jacobson, J. P.; Schams, D.; Bartoš, Luděk

doi:10.1007/bf02240524

Cited by 12 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Based on published reports (Bubenik 1990a; McMillin et al 1974; Suttie et al 1984), apparently approximately 1.5 ng/mL testosterone is sufficient for hardening of antler bone. Accidental or experimental injury to an antler bud in otherwise normal males is followed by exuberant growth of the antlers, thereby resulting in structures (Figure 119 in Goss 1983) similar to many found in SBTD [Supplemental Material Figure 4 (http://www.ehponline.org/members/2005/8052/supplemental.pdf); Figures 4 and 5 in Bubenik et al (2001)]. However, it is illogical that most BCO and no NCO males would have received injuries of a type causing bizarre antlers, as BCO deer are unlikely to be aggressive if they have low testosterone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hunters decided what deer to shoot, and we must assume that they represented all in that geographic area. SBTD in this study include those in earlier reports (Bubenik et al 2001; Bubenik and Jacobson 2002), but we did not rely on histological observations in the latter report.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on duplicate aliquots of each sample, intraassay variation was 4.4%. The data summary also included values ( n = 19) from Bubenik et al (2001) for males shot in 1999.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A lay publication (Jacobson 2003) and earlier reports (Bubenik et al 2001; Bubenik and Jacobson, 2002) of unusually high incidence of cryptorchidism in SBTD led to the current study. To determine if there really is a problem of cryptorchid SBTD with abnormal antlers in the Kodiak Archipelago, we gathered additional data and compiled and scrutinized all data.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

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Testis and Antler Dysgenesis in Sitka Black-Tailed Deer on Kodiak Island, Alaska: Sequela of Environmental Endocrine Disruption?

Veeramachaneni

Amann

Jacobson³

2006

Environ Health Perspect

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It had been observed that many male Sitka black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis) on Kodiak Island, Alaska, had abnormal antlers, were cryptorchid, and presented no evidence of hypospadias. We sought to better understand the problem and investigated 171 male deer for phenotypic aberrations and 12 for detailed testicular histopathology. For the low-lying Aliulik Peninsula (AP), 61 of 94 deer were bilateral cryptorchids (BCOs); 70% of these had abnormal antlers. Elsewhere on the Kodiak Archipelago, only 5 of 65 deer were BCOs. All 11 abdominal testes examined had no spermatogenesis but contained abnormalities including carcinoma in situ–like cells, possible precursors of seminoma; Sertoli cell, Leydig cell, and stromal cell tumors; carcinoma and adenoma of rete testis; and microlithiasis or calcifications. Cysts also were evident within the excurrent ducts. Two of 10 scrotal testes contained similar abnormalities, although spermatogenesis was ongoing. We cannot rule out that these abnormalities are linked sequelae of a mutation(s) in a founder animal, followed by transmission over many years and causing high prevalence only on the AP. However, based on lesions observed, we hypothesize that it is more likely that this testis–antler dysgenesis resulted from continuing exposure of pregnant females to an estrogenic environmental agent(s), thereby transforming testicular cells, affecting development of primordial antler pedicles, and blocking transabdominal descent of fetal testes. A browse (e.g., kelp) favored by deer in this locale might carry the putative estrogenic agent(s).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on duplicate aliquots of each sample, intraassay variation was 4.4%. The data summary also included values ( n = 19) from Bubenik et al (2001) for males shot in 1999.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 92%

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Testis and Antler Dysgenesis in Sitka Black-Tailed Deer on Kodiak Island, Alaska: Sequela of Environmental Endocrine Disruption?

Veeramachaneni

Amann

Jacobson³

2006

Environ Health Perspect

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“…In another field study, Sitka black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis) on Aliulik Peninsula, Alaska, that were initially being examined for antler deformities were observed to be afflicted with cryptorchidism [Bubenik et al, 2001]. In a follow-up report, the incidence of uni-or bilateral cryptorchidism in this deer population was estimated at 75%, which is markedly higher than the 8% estimated for deer from another region of the Kodiak Archipelago [Veeramachaneni et al, 2006].…”

Section: Cryptorchidismmentioning

confidence: 97%

Disorders of Sexual Development in Wild and Captive Exotic Animals

Mastromonaco

Houck

Bergfelt

2011

Sex Dev

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Disorders of sexual development (DSDs) are an increasing concern in both captive and free-ranging wildlife species. Partial or complete reduction in fertility that results from intersex conditions or gonadal dysgenesis is detrimental to the reproductive potential of wildlife populations, and consequently, to their long-term survival. Compared to the wealth of information available on humans and domestic species, a better understanding of the factors influencing sexual development in wildlife is essential for developing and improving population management or conservation plans. This review attempts to bring together the different facets of DSDs as studied in the fields of reproductive physiology, endocrinology, ecotoxicology, wildlife biology, and environmental health.

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Embryos as targets of endocrine disrupting contaminants in wildlife

Hamlin

Guillette

2011

Birth Defects Research Pt C

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Environmental contaminants are now a ubiquitous part of the ecological landscape, and a growing literature describes the ability of many of these chemicals to alter the developmental trajectory of the embryo. Because many environmental pollutants readily bioaccumulate in lipid rich tissues, wildlife can attain considerable body burdens. Embryos are often exposed to these pollutants through maternal transfer, and a growing number of studies report long-term or permanent developmental consequences. Many biological mechanisms are reportedly affected by environmental contaminants in the developing embryo and fetus, including neurodevelopment, steroidogenesis, gonadal differentiation, and liver function. Embryos are not exposed to one chemical at a time, but are chronically exposed to many chemicals simultaneously. Mixture studies show that for some developmental disorders, mixtures of chemicals cause a more deleterious response than would be predicted from their individual toxicities. Synergistic responses to low dose mixtures make it difficult to estimate developmental outcomes, and as such, traditional toxicity testing often results in an underestimate of exposure risks. In addition, the knowledge that biological systems do not necessarily respond in a dose-dependent fashion, and that very low doses of a chemical can prove more harmful than higher doses, has created a paradigm shift in studies of environmental contaminant-induced dysfunction. Although laboratory studies are critical for providing dose-response relationships and determining specific mechanisms involved in disease etiology, wildlife sentinels more accurately reflect the genetic diversity of real world exposure conditions, and continue to alert scientists and health professionals alike of the consequences of developmental exposures to environmental pollutants.

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Cryptorchism, hypogonadism and antler malformations in black-tailed deer(Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis) of Kodiak island

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

Testis and Antler Dysgenesis in Sitka Black-Tailed Deer on Kodiak Island, Alaska: Sequela of Environmental Endocrine Disruption?

Testis and Antler Dysgenesis in Sitka Black-Tailed Deer on Kodiak Island, Alaska: Sequela of Environmental Endocrine Disruption?

Disorders of Sexual Development in Wild and Captive Exotic Animals

Embryos as targets of endocrine disrupting contaminants in wildlife

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