Cryptosporidiosis in a Rural Community in Central Mexico

Ruíz, José Antonio López; Garcia-Saucedo, V.; Garrocho, Carlos; Kean, B. H.

doi:10.1093/infdis/159.6.1160

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The statistical results didn't demonstrate differences, corroborating the results of Luna 2 and Soave et al, 4 however it was verified that a higher number of cases was patent among individuals of the masculine sex, with ages of 20 and 50 years, and with diarrhea symptoms. This result like others here mentioned, it highlights the occurrence of considerable infection rate, fact that suggests the presence of the problem of difficult control, and that consequently indicate the need of establishing measures to avoid its dispersion.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Cryptosporidiosis occurrence in HIV+ patients attended in a hospital, Brazil

et al. 2004

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Cryptosporidiosis occurrence was determined in HIV+ patient assisted in the Clinic of Infect-parasitic Diseases in a hospital of Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in the period from Juy/1998 to March/1999. In order to research, seventy-five patient, carriers of diarrhea or not, were appraised. The samples of feces were collected and placed in saline solution with formaldehyde (5%). The Modified Ritchie technique was used for the oocysts research, and the smears were stained with Safranine O methylene blue. The results verified 9.33% of positive samples, with higher frequency of cases in patients of the masculine sex from 20 to 50 years old, however without significant difference. Resumo

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Cryptosporidiosis occurrence in HIV+ patients attended in a hospital, Brazil

et al. 2004

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“…Excluding reports on AIDS patients [25][26][27][28][29] and specific outbreak patients situations, with infection rates of 27-61%, [5][6][7][8] prevalences in samples from diarrheic patients have ranged from 0.1% to 27.1% in industrialized countries, compared with 0.1-32% in less developed countries. 2,30 Serologic surveys have obtained much higher rates ranging from 15% to 44%. 6,[31][32][33] The almost total absence of a relationship between chronic or severe diarrhea with Crypto-sporidium oocyst shedding in the Aymara students is worth mentioning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Cryptosporidium prevalences in healthy Aymara children from the northern Bolivian Altiplano.

Esteban

Aguirre²,

Flores³

et al. 1998

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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The prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection was determined in four Aymara communities in the Bolivian Altiplano, between the city of La Paz and Lake Titicaca, at an altitude of 3,800-4,200 meters. Single stool specimens were randomly collected from 377 5-19-year-old students, all apparently asymptomatic. The total prevalence (31.6%) is possibly the highest reported among healthy humans (a maximum of 9.8% and 2.0% in coprologic surveys in underdeveloped and developed countries, respectively) and one of the highest even in symptomatic subjects. No significant age and sex differences were observed. Such an infection prevalence is probably related to the poor sanitation conditions, contaminated water supplies, overcrowding, and close contact with domestic animals. Continuous exposure to the parasite could be associated with protection against parasite-related symptoms in the children examined. Cryptosporidium (Apicomplexa: Eucoccida: Cryptosporidiidae), a common enteric protozoan, has since 1907 been known to parasitize a wide range of animals. 1, 2 The first human cases were reported in the United States in 1976 in an immunologically competent child 3 and in an immunosuppressed adult. 4 Since then there have been a substantial number of reported cases, and this sporozoan parasite is now recognized as a ubiquitous and significant enteropathogen of immunocompromised patients (including congenital immunodeficiency, those receiving immunosuppressive drugs, concurrent infections, and especially acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS]). 2 It has also been seen in healthy individuals in water-borne outbreaks. 5-8 One of the important aspects of cryptosporidiosis is its higher prevalence in young children with gastrointestinal symptoms, especially diarrhea, in both rural and urban environments throughout the world. 2, 9-11 However, several recent reports have identified appreciable numbers of asymptomatic infected subjects. 2, 12, 13 This investigation is part of a multidisciplinary project to study the epidemiology of fascioliasis in the Bolivian Altiplano, the endemic region with the highest human prevalences 14-16 and intensities. 16 Studies on other parasitic diseases in this area were undertaken to ascertain their coexistence with fascioliasis in humans. The aim of the present paper is to report the prevalence data on cryptosporidiosis in the northern Bolivian Altiplano, in the northern region of the Department of La Paz. This region extends between the valley of the city of La Paz and Lake Titicaca, at an altitude of 3,800-4,200 meters. To date, cryptosporidiosis in Bolivia had only been reported in the communities of Camiri, Boyuibe, and Gutierrez in the Department of Santa Cruz in southeast Bolivia. 17, 18 SUBJECTS, MATERIALS, AND METHODS Study population. The coprologic study was made in February 1993 and involved 377 Aymara students (205 boys and 172 girls) 5-19 years of age (mean Ϯ SD ϭ 10.2 Ϯ 3.0 years) from the schools of the communities of Huacullani, Quiripujo, Caleria, and Corapata in the northern Bolivian...

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“…1 Cryptosporidiosis is endemic in developing countries, such as Mexico, as a result of poor sanitation and crowded living conditions. 2 Recent large outbreaks in several communities in the United States highlight the importance of cryptosporidiosis as a major public health problem. 3 Fortythree counties in Texas are contiguous or are within 150 miles of the border with Mexico.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum infection in children along the Texas-Mexico border and associated risk factors.

Leach¹,

Koo²,

Kuhls³

et al. 2000

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. We examined the epidemiology of Cryptosporidium parvum in children aged 6 months to 13 years living in 1) colonias along the border (n ϭ 105), 2) a clinic in an urban border community (n ϭ 65), and 3) clinics in a large urban nonborder area (n ϭ 109). Serum IgG and IgA anticryptosporidial antibodies were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Overall, 70.2% (196/279) of subjects had detectable C. parvum antibodies. Prevalence rates were higher (93/105 [89%]) in the colonias and urban border community (53/65 [82%]) compared to the urban nonborder community (50/109 [46%]). Within colonias, independent risk factors for C. parvum infection included consumption of municipal water instead of bottled water, older age, and lower household income. Children living along the Texas-Mexico border have a higher rate of infection with C. parvum compared to children living in a large nonborder urban area. Within colonias, C. parvum infection was associated with source of water supply, age, and socioeconomic status.

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Cryptosporidiosis in a Rural Community in Central Mexico

Cited by 9 publications

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Cryptosporidiosis occurrence in HIV+ patients attended in a hospital, Brazil

Cryptosporidiosis occurrence in HIV+ patients attended in a hospital, Brazil

High Cryptosporidium prevalences in healthy Aymara children from the northern Bolivian Altiplano.

Prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum infection in children along the Texas-Mexico border and associated risk factors.

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