Cryptosporidiosis outbreak associated with Majorcan hotel

Smerdon, W

doi:10.2807/esw.04.34.01540-en

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…populations has been thoroughly investigated because of the improved surveillance and diagnosis of both sporadic cases and outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis ( Table 4 ). From a waterborne outbreak of diarrhea in France, the 91% of the isolates of the parasite were characterised as C. hominis type Ib [ 86 ], consistently with the current idea that Ib is the predominant allele associated with waterborne cryptosporidiosis worldwide [ 79 , 81 ].…”

Section: Cryptosporidiosis a “Waterborne Disease”mentioning

confidence: 69%

Global Distribution, Public Health and Clinical Impact of the Protozoan PathogenCryptosporidium

Putignani

Menichella

2010

Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases

185

159

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Cryptosporidium spp. are coccidians, oocysts-forming apicomplexan protozoa, which complete their life cycle both in humans and animals, through zoonotic and anthroponotic transmission, causing cryptosporidiosis. The global burden of this disease is still underascertained, due to a conundrum transmission modality, only partially unveiled, and on a plethora of detection systems still inadequate or only partially applied for worldwide surveillance. In children, cryptosporidiosis encumber is even less recorded and often misidentified due to physiological reasons such as early-age unpaired immunological response. Furthermore, malnutrition in underdeveloped countries or clinical underestimation of protozoan etiology in developed countries contribute to the underestimation of the worldwide burden. Principal key indicators of the parasite distribution were associated to environmental (e.g., geographic and temporal clusters, etc.) and host determinants of the infection (e.g., age, immunological status, travels, community behaviours). The distribution was geographically mapped to provide an updated picture of the global parasite ecosystems. The present paper aims to provide, by a critical analysis of existing literature, a link between observational epidemiological records and new insights on public health, and diagnostic and clinical impact of cryptosporidiosis.

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Section: Cryptosporidiosis a “Waterborne Disease”mentioning

confidence: 69%

Global Distribution, Public Health and Clinical Impact of the Protozoan PathogenCryptosporidium

Putignani

Menichella

2010

Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases

185

159

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Waterborne transmission of protozoan parasites: A worldwide review of outbreaks and lessons learnt

Karanis

Kourenti

Smith

2006

Journal of Water and Health

719

403

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At least 325 water-associated outbreaks of parasitic protozoan disease have been reported.North American and European outbreaks accounted for 93% of all reports and nearly two-thirds of outbreaks occurred in North America. Over 30% of all outbreaks were documented from Europe, with the UK accounting for 24% of outbreaks, worldwide. Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium parvum account for the majority of outbreaks (132; 40.6% and 165; 50.8%, respectively), Entamoeba histolytica and Cyclospora cayetanensis have been the aetiological agents in nine (2.8%) and six (1.8%) outbreaks, respectively, while Toxoplasma gondii and Isospora belli have been responsible for three outbreaks each (0.9%) and Blastocystis hominis for two outbreaks (0.6%). Balantidium coli, the microsporidia, Acanthamoeba and Naegleria fowleri were responsible for one outbreak, each (0.3%). Their presence in aquatic ecosystems makes it imperative to develop prevention strategies for water and food safety. Human incidence and prevalence-based studies provide baseline data against which risk factors associated with waterborne and foodborne transmission can be identified. Standardized methods are required to maximize public health surveillance, while reporting lessons learned from outbreaks will provide better insight into the public health impact of waterborne pathogenic protozoa.

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Cryptosporidiosis outbreak associated with Majorcan hotel

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Global Distribution, Public Health and Clinical Impact of the Protozoan PathogenCryptosporidium

Global Distribution, Public Health and Clinical Impact of the Protozoan PathogenCryptosporidium

Waterborne transmission of protozoan parasites: A worldwide review of outbreaks and lessons learnt

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