Cryptosporidium and Giardia as foodborne zoonoses

Smith, H. V.; Cacciò, Simone M.; Cook, Nigel; Nichols, R.A.B.; Tait, Andy

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.07.015

Cited by 213 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…On the other hand, G. duodenale causes serious problems to host health, due to the appearance of enteritis, which trigger enzymatic and morphological changes in intestinal loops (SMITH et al, 2007). It is interesting to note that based on molecular and phylogenetic evidence, G. duodenale is part of a complex genetic group, with genotypes A and B accounting for more than 80% of human infections (RYAN & CACCIÒ, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal parasites in feral cats and rodents from the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil

Lima

Ramos

Lepold

et al. 2017

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Gastrointestinal parasites are important pathogens affecting animals, some of them are of medical and veterinary concern. Although the dynamic of parasitic infections is a complex phenomenon that has been studied under experimental conditions, it shows several gaps in knowledge, especially in insular regions where a confined population of animals and parasites co-exists. In this study was assessed the parasitism by endoparasite gastrointestinal in feral cats (n = 37) and rodents (n = 30) from the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago; in addition, the risk of human infection and ecological implications of these findings were discussed. Out of all samples analysed, 100% scored positive for the presence of gastrointestinal parasites in both feral cats and rodents. A total 17 genera and/or species of endoparasite gastrointestinal were identified, Ancylostoma sp., Strongyloides sp., Trichuris campanula and Toxocara cati were the parasites more frequently in feral cats. In rodents Eimeria sp., Strongyloides sp. and Trichuris muris were parasites more frequently herein detected. Human population living in this area are at risk of parasite infections due to the population of rodents and feral cats in the archipelago.Keywords: Helminths, protozoal disease, zoonosis, synanthropic animals. ResumoParasitas gastrointestinais são importantes agentes patogênicos que afetam os animais, sendo alguns destes de interesse médico e veterinário. Embora a dinâmica das infecções parasitárias seja um fenômeno complexo que tem sido estudado sob condições experimentais, existem várias lacunas no conhecimento, especificamente em regiões insulares onde existem populações confinadas de animais e parasitas. Neste estudo foi avaliado o parasitismo por endoparasitas gastrointestinais em gatos ferais (n = 37) e roedores (n = 30) do Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha. Além disso, discutiu-se o risco de infecção humana e implicações ecológicas desses achados. De todas as amostras analisadas, 100% obtiveram resultados positivos para a presença de parasitos gastrointestinais tanto em gatos ferais quanto em roedores. Um total de 17 gêneros e/ou espécies de endoparasitos gastrointestinais foram identificados, Ancylostoma sp., Strongyloides sp., Trichuris campanula e Toxocara cati foram os parasitos mais frequentes em gatos ferais. Em roedores Eimeria sp., Strongyloides sp. e Trichuris muris foram os mais detectados. A população humana que vive nesta área corre o risco de infecções parasitárias, devido à população de roedores e gatos ferais no arquipélago.Palavras-chave: Helmintos, doenças protozoárias, zoonoses, animais sinantrópicos.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal parasites in feral cats and rodents from the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil

Lima

Ramos

Lepold

et al. 2017

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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“…Giardia and Cryptosporidium are the most common enteric protozoa associated with human gastroenteritis, worldwide, and are among the top ten major human parasites (Thompson et al, 2000;Smith et al, 2007;Sunderland et al, 2007). G. duodenalis causes an estimated 2.8 × 10…”

Section: Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Routine screening of harmful microorganisms in beach sands: Implications to public health

Sabino

Rodrigues

Costa

et al. 2014

Science of The Total Environment

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Beaches worldwide provide recreational opportunities to hundreds of millions of people and serve as important components of coastal economies. Beach water is often monitored for microbiological quality to detect the presence of indicators of human sewage contamination so as to prevent public health outbreaks associated with water contact. However, growing evidence suggests that beach sand can harbor microbes harmful to human health, often in concentrations greater than the beach water. Currently, there are no standards for monitoring, sampling, analyzing, or managing beach sand quality. In addition to indicator microbes, growing evidence has identified pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and fungi in a variety of beach sands worldwide. The public health threat associated with these populations through direct and indirect contact is unknown because so little research has been conducted relating to health outcomes associated with sand quality. In this manuscript, we present the consensus findings of a workshop of experts convened in Lisbon, Portugal to discuss the current state of knowledge on beach sand microbiological quality and to develop suggestions for standardizing the evaluation of sand at coastal beaches. The expert group at the "Microareias 2012" workshop recommends that 1) beach sand should be screened for a variety of pathogens harmful to human health, and sand monitoring should then be initiated alongside regular water monitoring; 2) sampling and analysis protocols should be standardized to allow proper comparisons among beach locations; and 3) further studies are needed to estimate human health risk with exposure to contaminated beach sand. Much of the manuscript is focused on research specific to Portugal, but similar results have been found elsewhere, and the findings have worldwide implications.

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“…Cryptosporidiosis is an endoparasitosis caused by coccidians of Cryptosporidium genus which can infect a wide range of hosts, e.g., reptiles, birds and mammals, including humans (SMITH et al, 2007). The occurrence of Cryptosporidium in animals is a public health problem due to the zoonotic potential of some species of this genus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By using this marker, it is possible to differentiate all the 20 recognized species and more than 40 genotypes of Cryptosporidium (SMITH et al, 2007;. DNA sequences of other markers, such as the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP) gene and the 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) gene have also been used (FAYER et al, 2001;MORGAN-RYAN et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. isolated from domestic animals in a rural area surrounding Atlantic dry forest fragments in Teodoro Sampaio municipality, State of São Paulo, Brazil

Sevá

Funada

Souza

et al. 2010

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of Cryptosporidium in domestic animals in rural properties surrounding rain forest fragments within the municipality of Teodoro Sampaio, southeastern Brazil. Conventional sucrose flotation method followed by molecular characterization of the parasites by sequencing PCR products amplified from SSU rRNA gene were used. Stool samples were collected from domestic animals raised as pets and livestock in all rural properties surrounding three forest fragments. Samples from cattle (197), equine (63), pigs (25), sheep (11), and dogs (28) were collected from 98 rural properties. The frequency of occurrence of Cryptosporidium within each animal species was 3.0% (6/197) among cattle and 10.7% (3/28) among dogs. Cryptosporidium was not detected in stool samples from equine, sheep, and pigs. All sequences obtained from the six samples of calves showed molecular identity with Cryptosporidium andersoni while all sequences from dog samples were similar to C. canis. The frequency of occurrence of Cryptosporidium in these domestic animal species was low. The absence of C. parvum in the present study suggests that the zoonotic cycle of cryptosporidiosis may not be relevant in the region studied. The presence of Cryptosporidium species seldom described in humans may be, otherwise, important for the wild fauna as these animals are a source of infection and dissemination of this protozoan to other animal species. The impact and magnitude of infection by C. andersoni in wild ruminants and C. canis in wild canids have to be assessed in future studies to better understand the actual importance of these species in this region.

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Cryptosporidium and Giardia as foodborne zoonoses

Cited by 213 publications

References 67 publications

Gastrointestinal parasites in feral cats and rodents from the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil

Gastrointestinal parasites in feral cats and rodents from the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil

Routine screening of harmful microorganisms in beach sands: Implications to public health

Occurrence and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. isolated from domestic animals in a rural area surrounding Atlantic dry forest fragments in Teodoro Sampaio municipality, State of São Paulo, Brazil

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