Cryptosporidium gastroenteritis in Egyptian children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: magnitude of the problem

Hassanein, Sahar M A; Abdellatif, M; Hassanin, Omayma M.; Abd-El-Latif, L. M. S.; Ramadan, Nashwa I I

doi:10.1007/s15010-011-0230-5

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Protozoa are the most frequently reported intestinal parasites in pediatric cancer patients during neutropenic diarrheal episodes [75,76]. Blood parasites such as malarial parasites were diagnosed in one study in nearly 20% of FN episodes in patients with Burkitt lymphoma [77].…”

Section: Parasitic Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious complications in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated in low-middle-income countries

Caniza

Odio

Mukkada

et al. 2015

Expert Review of Hematology

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Infections are the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The rates of infection-associated mortality are up to 10-times higher in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) than in high-income countries. The prevention, early recognition and management of infectious complications is especially challenging in LMIC because of disease and poverty-related factors, as well as the shortage of trained personnel, supplies, diagnostic tools and adequate organizational infrastructure. Children in LMIC with ALL, who are frequently underweight, are at increased risk of community-acquired pathogens, nosocomial multidrug-resistant pathogens and opportunistic microorganisms. This review summarizes the challenges of managing the major categories of infections in children receiving treatment for ALL and provides updated practical recommendations for preventing and managing these infections in LMIC.

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Section: Parasitic Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious complications in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated in low-middle-income countries

Caniza

Odio

Mukkada

et al. 2015

Expert Review of Hematology

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“…During 1981During -1982, however, Cryptosporidium infections causing severe enteritis in AIDS patients were encountered. The parasite was reported in animal keepers, tourists, and also in some immunocompetent persons in the following years (1)(2)(3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Immunologically healthy people normally have a shorter duration of symptoms (< 20 days) and a spontaneous complete recovery. Whereas Cryptosporodium causes asymptomatic infection or transient diarrhea in healthy people, may lead to severe chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, subfebrile fever, malaise, weight loss, pancreatitis, cholecystitis, gastritis, esophagitis, and respiratory infections in immunocompromised people, which may lead to even death (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Frequency of Cryptosporidium spp. in Immunocompromised Patients by Modified Acid-Fast Staining, Cassette Kit and ELISA Methods: Comparison of the Diagnostic Techniques

Cengiz

Yılmaz

Şahin

et al. 2016

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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Background: Cryptosporidiosis has been reported in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients from over 40 countries in six continents. Objectives: This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in immunocompromised patients by methods of modified acid fast staining, ELISA and Cassette Kit, and to also compare the three methods. Methods: The patients in different age groups admitted to Bitlis state hospital between June 23, 2011 and January 13, 2015 were enrolled. The study group was composed of 300 immunocompromised volunteer patients and the control group of 100 volunteers with normal immune system. In the study group, patients with hemodialysis, chronic renal failure, diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus, and cancer were enrolled. Formalin-ethyl acetate, modified acid fast staining and native-lugol were used for all stool samples; they were also investigated for Cryptosporidium antigens by the ELISA and Cassette Kit. Results: The highest prevalence rate of Cryptosporidium spp. is found to be 11.3%, which is obtained by ELISA and the lowest (0.7%) by Cassette Kit in the study group. All patients with cryptosporidiosis had diarrhea. The highest prevalence rate (20%) was observed in patients with diabetes insipidus and the second highest in patients with chronic renal failure (11.5%) by ELISA. The sensitivities and specificities of Cassette Kit and modified acid fast staining were 5.9%, 100%; and 50%, 100%, respectively. Conclusions: It is concluded that Cryptosporidium spp. should be considered in immunocompromised diarrheal patients and ELISA must be chosen for detection of this parasite. Modified acid fast staining and Cassette Kit techniques could be performed if ELISA is not available. The single use of the Cassette Kit will be inadequate for the diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis.

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“…Diarrheal diseases are among the leading infectious causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries, especially in malnourished children, in patients with chronic diseases and in immunocompromized patients, e.g., suffering from HIV-infection or cancer (Abdel-Hafeez et al 2012;Antonios et al 2010;Baiomy et al 2010;Curtale et al 1998;El-Helaly et al 2012;El-Mohammady et al 2012;El-Naggar et al 2006;Hassanein et al 2012). Parasites must be distinguished as causative agents of diarrhea from viruses or bacteria because of possible chronic and extraintestinal manifestations in protozoal infections and different treatment requirements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous detection of Entamoeba histolytica/dispar, Giardia duodenalis and cryptosporidia by immunochromatographic assay in stool samples from patients living in the Greater Cairo Region, Egypt

Banisch

El-Badry

Klinnert³

et al. 2015

World J Microbiol Biotechnol

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Gastrointestinal infection due to intestinal parasites is an enormous health problem in developing countries and its reliable diagnosis is demanding. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating a commercially available immunochromatographic assay (ICA) for the detection of cryptosporidia, Giardia duodenalis, and Entamoeba histolytica/dispar for its usefulness in the Greater Cairo Region, Egypt. Stool samples of 104 patients who presented between October 2012 and March 2013 with gastrointestinal symptoms or for the exclusion of parasites at Kasr-Al-Ainy University Medical School were examined by light microscopy of wet mounts and the triple ICA. Microscopy revealed in 20% of the patients [95% confidence interval (CI), 13.5-29.0%] parasites with Hymenolepis nana, E. histolytica/dispar and Blastocystis hominis being the most frequent ones, but was not able to detect G. duodenalis and cryptosporidia, whereas ICA was positive in 21% (95% CI, 14.3-30.0%) and detected E. histolytica/dispar in 12.5% (95% CI, 7.3-20.4%), cryptosporidia in 6.7% (95% CI, 3.1-13.5%) and G. duodenalis in 15.4% (95% CI, 9.6-23.6%) of the patients. Detection of one or more pathogens was associated with access to water retrieved from a well or pump (p = 0.01). Patients between 20 and 29 years of age (p = 0.08) and patients with symptoms of 5 days or longer (p = 0.07) tended to have a higher risk to be infected than patients of other age groups or with shorter-lasting symptoms. In conclusion, the ICA was easy to perform and timesaving. Importantly, it enabled the detection of cryptosporidia, which cannot be found microscopically in unstained smears, demonstrated a higher sensitivity for the detection of G. duodenalis than microscopy, and was more specific for distinguishing E. histolytica/dispar from apathogenic amoeba.

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Cryptosporidium gastroenteritis in Egyptian children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: magnitude of the problem

Cited by 22 publications

References 24 publications

Infectious complications in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated in low-middle-income countries

Infectious complications in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated in low-middle-income countries

The Frequency of Cryptosporidium spp. in Immunocompromised Patients by Modified Acid-Fast Staining, Cassette Kit and ELISA Methods: Comparison of the Diagnostic Techniques

Simultaneous detection of Entamoeba histolytica/dispar, Giardia duodenalis and cryptosporidia by immunochromatographic assay in stool samples from patients living in the Greater Cairo Region, Egypt

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