Cryptosporidium parvum IId family: clonal population and dispersal from Western Asia to other geographical regions

Abstract

In this study, 111 Cryptosporidium parvum IId isolates from several species of animals in China, Sweden, and Egypt were subtyped by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). One to eleven subtypes were detected at each of the 12 microsatellite, minisatellite, and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci, forming 25 MLST subtypes. Host-adaptation and significant geographical segregation were both observed in the MLST subtypes. A clonal population structure was seen in C. parvum IId isolates from China and Sweden. Three ancestral lineages and the same RPGR sequence were shared by these isolates examined. Therefore, the present genetic observations including the higher nucleotide diversity of C. parvum IId GP60 sequences in Western Asia, as well as the unique distribution of IId subtypes (almost exclusively found in Asia, Europe, and Egypt) and in combination with the domestication history of cattle, sheep, and goats, indicated that C. parvum IId subtypes were probably dispersed from Western Asia to other geographical regions. More population genetic structure studies involving various C. parvum subtype families using high-resolution tools are needed to better elucidate the origin and dissemination of C. parvum in the world.

First report of Cryptosporidium species in farmed and wild buffalo from the Northern Territory, Australia

“…However, this subtype is not common in dairy cattle in Australia (Ng et al 2012;Abeywardena et al 2013b). Previous analysis has indicated that C. parvum IId subtypes were probably dispersed from Western Asia to other geographical regions (Wang et al 2014). As water buffalo in Australia came from Asia (Letts 1964), it is likely that the IId subtype family was introduced into Australia with the introduction of buffalo.…”

“…In China, IId is the predominant C. parvum subtype (Wang et al 2014), and both of these IId subtypes are commonly found in bovine animals in China including yaks (Wang et al 2014;Qi et al 2015). However, this subtype is not common in dairy cattle in Australia (Ng et al 2012;Abeywardena et al 2013b).…”

“…The IIdA19G1 subtype is less common but has been reported in humans and animals (Xiao 2010;Wang et al 2014). In China, IId is the predominant C. parvum subtype (Wang et al 2014), and both of these IId subtypes are commonly found in bovine animals in China including yaks (Wang et al 2014;Qi et al 2015).…”

“…parvum IIdA15G1 subtype has been detected in livestock and humans (Plutzer and Karanis 2009;Xiao 2010;Wang et al 2014), including a human in Australia (Ng et al 2010). …”

“…Both are considered zonootic subtypes (Wang et al 2014). The C. parvum IId subtype family has been reported mainly from sheep and goats but has also been reported in humans and cattle (Plutzer and Karanis 2009;Xiao 2010;Wang et al 2014). The C.…”