Crystal growth and defect control in organic crystals

Kojima, K.

doi:10.1016/0960-8974(92)90028-o

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 105 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Thus, E can be approximated by E a as follows: E ≃ E normala = ( G b 2 / 4 π ) ln ( R / r 0 ) where G is the shear modulus, b is the magnitude of the Burgers vector, and R and r 0 are the outer and inner cutoff radii, respectively, of the dislocation concerned. Eq shows that the dislocation energy is proportional to the square of the magnitude of the Burgers vector, which implies that shorter lattice translational vectors are favored as Burgers vectors. Glucose isomerase crystals are bound by the crystallographic {110}, {101}, and {011} faces; therefore, it is considered that there are dislocations on those crystallographic faces that are densely-packed planes, that is, the slip planes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dislocations in High-Quality Glucose Isomerase Crystals Grown from Seed Crystals

Koizumi

Tachibana

Yoshizaki

et al. 2014

Crystal Growth & Design

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Glucose isomerase crystals with thicknesses of 0.5 mm were grown using seed crystals. The thickness required for better X-ray topographic images by kinematical theory is determined by the extinction distance, ξ g . The seed crystals were cross-linked with glutaraldehyde to maintain stability for a long period before the growth experiments. Dislocations that were produced during the growth of such thick glucose isomerase crystals were observed as clearly as those in inorganic crystals via X-ray topography with monochromatic-beam synchrotron radiation, which is attributed to the high quality of the glucose isomerase crystals. This also indicates that high-quality protein crystals can be grown using seed crystals. The dislocations extended from the interface with the cross-linked seed crystal to the surface of the grown crystal; however, no dislocations were generated if the seed crystal was not cross-linked. We discuss the effect of the chemical cross-linking of the seed on the generation of dislocations from seed crystals. ■ INTRODUCTIONIt is important to determine the 3D structures of protein molecules in order to achieve structure-guided drug design and controlled drug delivery. However, high-quality protein crystals are required to achieve this; therefore, many researchers have investigated methods and conditions for obtaining suitable crystals. Crystallization in microgravity is one potential method, and thus research is being actively conducted on the growth of crystals in a microgravity environment. 1−12 Two approaches may be possible for the growth of crystals under various growth conditions: (1) the use of varied salt and protein concentrations to determine the optimum conditions, or (2) to investigate the growth mechanism of a few crystals under well-controlled conditions and the measurement of the crystal growth rate versus the supersaturation of the solution using a seed crystal. In the former case, it is difficult to predict when the nucleation and crystal growth start during the concentration increase to supersaturation. However, a nucleation process is not necessary in the latter case, and thus supersaturation remains constantly low if the decrease in the concentration is negligible because of further growth. This case is suitable for kinetic measurements to elucidate the detailed growth mechanisms of protein crystals both on the ground and under "convection-free" microgravity conditions. Thus, a pioneering observation of the concentration-depletion zones around protein crystals was performed by using gelreinforced seed crystals both on the ground and under microgravity conditions. 13 Microgravity experiments require the seed crystals to be kept stable for a long period before the start of growth experiments. Such a problem can be solved if the surfaces of the seed crystals are cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. These cross-linked seed crystals were confirmed not to dissolve in an undersaturated solution; 14 however, the effects of the cross-linking procedure on the crystal quality, such as a change i...

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dislocations in High-Quality Glucose Isomerase Crystals Grown from Seed Crystals

Koizumi

Tachibana

Yoshizaki

et al. 2014

Crystal Growth & Design

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…8 Such insights have succeeded in FCC, 9 BCC, 10 and HCP metals, 11 ionic crystals, 12 and some organic molecular crystals. 13 Kojima 13 suggested that predicted active slip systems in organic molecular crystals conform to dislocation theory criteria. However, Gallagher et al 14 used dislocation slip analysis on pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) to find that the active slip system' s direction is longer than the shortest Burgers vector.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quasi-static deformation simulations of molecular crystals

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…What dominates the origin of imperfections in crystals composed of macromolecules that are grown from solution? Imperfections in crystalline materials such as metals, Si, GaN, and Ba(NO 3 ) 2 are predominantly caused by dislocations. − Dislocations are also the dominant defects in organic crystals composed of small molecules. − However, in the case of protein crystals grown from solution, the increase in the full width at half-maximum (fwhm) of X-ray diffraction (XRD) rocking curves cannot be explained solely by the presence of dislocations . This suggests that the broadening effect except for dislocations, i.e., imperfections exist in a crystal composed of macromolecules for crystal growth from solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of Hen Egg White Lysozyme Crystal Quality by Control of Dehydration Process

Koizumi

Uda

Tsukamoto

et al. 2019

Crystal Growth & Design

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Equal-thickness fringes that are attributed to the Pendellö̈sung effect were clearly observed in the region of a tapered tetragonal hen egg white (HEW) lysozyme crystal with a wedgelike edge, which indicates that the misorientation between subgrains was on the order of 10–4°. This is attributed to control of the dehydration process for crystal growth from solution, which plays an important role. Both the local quality and whole homogeneity of the crystals were improved by regulating the dehydration process. Oscillatory contrast was observed in X-ray topographs from regions of the same thickness in the crystals. However, the area of such a contrast was quite small, which indicates the presence of defects, even in crystals for which equal-thickness fringes could be observed. We also discuss why the area of oscillatory contrast was small for tetragonal HEW lysozyme crystals with misorientations between subgrains on the order of 10–4°.

show abstract

Crystal growth and defect control in organic crystals

Cited by 11 publications

References 105 publications

Dislocations in High-Quality Glucose Isomerase Crystals Grown from Seed Crystals

Dislocations in High-Quality Glucose Isomerase Crystals Grown from Seed Crystals

Quasi-static deformation simulations of molecular crystals

Improvement of Hen Egg White Lysozyme Crystal Quality by Control of Dehydration Process

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About