Crystal growth and spectroscopic analysis of Ho,Eu:GdScO3 crystal for 3 μm mid-infrared emission

Original Na5(Lu1–x–yGdxYy)9F32: Pr3+/Ho3+ Hybrid Single Crystals for Efficient ∼2.9 μm Mid-Infrared Emission

“…1−5 Moreover, the ∼3 μm laser is also a favorable excitation source for optical parametric generation or far-infrared optical parametric oscillation. 6 In recent decades, many solid-state material-doped rare-earth ions have been developed to fulfill the output of ∼3 μm MIR laser such as glasses, 7 single crystals, 8 and transparent ceramics. 9 Single crystals have advantages such as high luminous efficiency for doped rare-earth ions and stable physicochemical properties derived from their periodic symmetry lattice structure.…”

“…Owing to the vibrational absorption band of water situated in this range of spectrum and partially overlapped with the window of atmospheric transmission. − Moreover, the ∼3 μm laser is also a favorable excitation source for optical parametric generation or far-infrared optical parametric oscillation . In recent decades, many solid-state material-doped rare-earth ions have been developed to fulfill the output of ∼3 μm MIR laser such as glasses, single crystals, and transparent ceramics …”