Crystal growth of flourides in the lanthanide series

Solid state white light emitting systems based on CeF3: RE3+ nanoparticles and their composites with polymers

“…It is also an important fluorescent host material owing to its low vibrational energies and the subsequent minimization of the quenching of the excited state of the rare-earth ions [18]. Hence, many methods to produce bulk CeF 3 have been reported like the Czochralski (CZ) technique [17,[19][20][21], Bridgeman method [22][23][24], MOCVD [25] and molecular beam epitaxy [26]. There have been several reports on synthesis of CeF 3 nanoparticles by various wet chemical techniques [18,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33].…”

Growth and scintillation characteristics of CeF3, PrF3 and NdF3 single crystals

“…Initial growth studies of REF 3 go back to the 1960s. Single crystals of maximum 5 mm in diameter could be grown under HF or He atmosphere by the Czochralski (CZ) [8][9][10] and the Bridgman [11][12][13] techniques. The growth of CeF 3 single crystals by the Bridgman technique was substantially improved in the early 1990s by the use of higher purity raw material and more ''oxygen-free'' growth conditions.…”

Ionic Conductivity of Yttrium Fluoride and Lutetium Fluoride

“…Hysteresis in the phase transition was found in every case, but the width of the loops was variable. This observation probably accounts for the wide range 22 JUNE 1973 of transition temperatures reported in the literature (4,5,8). The transition on heating LuF3 was very sluggish, and in the transition region the conductivity continued to change over times as long as 24 hours.…”