Crystal growth of quantum materials: a review of selective materials and techniques

Nashra, Pistawala,; Rout, Dibyata; Kumar, Shiva; Bag, Rabindranath; Karmakar, Koushik; Harnagea, Luminita; Singh, Surjeet

doi:10.1007/s12034-021-02612-1

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…All roomtemperature processes were carried out in an argonfilled glove box (O 2 and H 2 O contents less than 0.1 ppm). More details concerning the crystal growth parameters can be seen in [34,35]. The shiny black crystals thus obtained exhibit hexagonal shape with lateral dimensions ranging up to 1 cm and thickness ⩽ 0.5 mm, as shown in the inset of figure 2.…”

Section: Crystal Growthmentioning

confidence: 87%

Probing electron–phonon coupling in magnetic van der Waals material NiPS₃: A non-magnetic site-dilution study

Pistawala,

Kumar,

Negi

et al. 2024

2D Mater.

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NiPS3 is a Van der Waals antiferromagnet which has been shown to exhibit spin-phonon and spin-charge coupling in the antiferromagnetically ordered state below TN = 155 K. It is also a rare Ni-based negative charge-transfer-type (NCT) insulator with Ni valence in a linear superposition state ψ= αd8+ βd9L_+ γ d10L_2, where L_ is the ligand hole. Here, we study high-quality single-crystals of Ni1-xZnxPS3 (0 < x < 0.2) using temperature-dependent specific heat and Raman spectroscopy probes. We show that in pristine NiPS3, the phonon mode at 176 cm-1 (P2), associated with the vibrations of Ni, exhibits a distinct Fano asymmetry. The Fano resonance is found to be particularly pronounced in the paramagnetic phase above TN, which was further confirmed by temperature dependent Raman data on the Zn-doped crystals. In the Zn-doped crystals, while the magnetism weakens following the mean-field prediction for site-dilution in a honeycomb lattice, the Fano coupling 1/q strengthens, increasing monotonically with increasing Zn-doping. The X-ray photoemission spectra suggest an increase in the weight of the d9 and d10 components in the Zn-doped crystals. These observations indicate the presence of strong electron-phonon coupling in Ni1-xZnxPS3, in addition to the spin-phonon, and spin-charge coupling previously reported.

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Section: Crystal Growthmentioning

confidence: 87%

Probing electron–phonon coupling in magnetic van der Waals material NiPS₃: A non-magnetic site-dilution study

Pistawala,

Kumar,

Negi

et al. 2024

2D Mater.

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“…Excellent reviews going through the details of using Bridgman-Stockbarger for crystal growth are available. 42,48,49 2.4. Hydrothermal and Solvothermal.…”

Section: Key Crystal Growth Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thermodynamics and processes by which crystal growth occurs, from initial nucleation to bulk growth, as shown in Figure a, have been studied for many years and are in many respects well understood. − However, it is still not readily possible to grow single crystals of most materials. This dichotomy implies that we do not understand the processes well enough to know how the factors that are within our control, namely, the controllable growth parameters in methods available to us, influence and drive the microscopic thermodynamics and kinetics that fuel single crystal growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tools and Tricks for Single Crystal Growth

Berry,

Ng,

McQueen

2024

Chem. Mater.

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Single-crystal growth is a widely explored method of synthesizing materials in the solid state. The last few decades have seen significant improvements in the techniques used to synthesize single crystals, and much of this information has been collected and distributed via different papers and textbooks for the novice. What is often missing from these resources are perspectives on how to use these techniques in unusual ways, frequently combining aspects from different fields of chemistry. These variations on known single crystal growth techniques can help effect success in situations where the conventional technique might otherwise fail, as well as providing control over crucial structural defects. This manuscript informs about key aspects of single crystal growth techniques and variations that enable access to new materials and control over defects. We provide examples of materials that have been successfully grown as single crystals with each individual technique and highlight how the target material influences and informs the choice of technique and/or application of variations. Finally, we offer a case study, focusing on the floating zone technique, in which we delve into the growth of large single crystalline materials, as well as how the process can be influenced by modifications to attempt the growth of materials that might not otherwise be suitable for the technique. The presence of all of these sections in a single paper is meant to assist novice crystal growers in comparing, contrasting, and ultimately selecting a suitable technique or techniques for their experiments.

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“… 18 In addition, some emerging materials are primarily available as single crystals. 19,20 On the other hand, the high scattering cross section for electron probes often leads to multiple scattering, and in single crystals, this is compounded by electron channeling down atomic columns. 21 These effects are especially strong when probing dense, inorganic solids along high-symmetry zone axes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accurate quantification of lattice temperature dynamics from ultrafast electron diffraction of single-crystal films using dynamical scattering simulations

Durham

Ophus

Siddiqui

et al. 2022

Structural Dynamics

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In ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) experiments, accurate retrieval of time-resolved structural parameters, such as atomic coordinates and thermal displacement parameters, requires an accurate scattering model. Unfortunately, kinematical models are often inaccurate even for relativistic electron probes, especially for dense, oriented single crystals where strong channeling and multiple scattering effects are present. This article introduces and demonstrates dynamical scattering models tailored for quantitative analysis of UED experiments performed on single-crystal films. As a case study, we examine ultrafast laser heating of single-crystal gold films. Comparison of kinematical and dynamical models reveals the strong effects of dynamical scattering within nm-scale films and their dependence on sample topography and probe kinetic energy. Applying to UED experiments on an 11 nm thick film using 750 keV electron probe pulses, the dynamical models provide a tenfold improvement over a comparable kinematical model in matching the measured UED patterns. Also, the retrieved lattice temperature rise is in very good agreement with predictions based on previously measured optical constants of gold, whereas fitting the Debye–Waller factor retrieves values that are more than three times lower. Altogether, these results show the importance of a dynamical scattering theory for quantitative analysis of UED and demonstrate models that can be practically applied to single-crystal materials and heterostructures.

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Crystal growth of quantum materials: a review of selective materials and techniques

Cited by 11 publications

References 112 publications

Probing electron–phonon coupling in magnetic van der Waals material NiPS₃: A non-magnetic site-dilution study

Probing electron–phonon coupling in magnetic van der Waals material NiPS₃: A non-magnetic site-dilution study

Tools and Tricks for Single Crystal Growth

Accurate quantification of lattice temperature dynamics from ultrafast electron diffraction of single-crystal films using dynamical scattering simulations

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Crystal growth of quantum materials: a review of selective materials and techniques

Cited by 11 publications

References 112 publications

Probing electron–phonon coupling in magnetic van der Waals material NiPS3: A non-magnetic site-dilution study

Probing electron–phonon coupling in magnetic van der Waals material NiPS3: A non-magnetic site-dilution study

Tools and Tricks for Single Crystal Growth

Accurate quantification of lattice temperature dynamics from ultrafast electron diffraction of single-crystal films using dynamical scattering simulations

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Probing electron–phonon coupling in magnetic van der Waals material NiPS₃: A non-magnetic site-dilution study

Probing electron–phonon coupling in magnetic van der Waals material NiPS₃: A non-magnetic site-dilution study