New materials based
on methacrylic polymers modified with 1-(4-nitrophenyl)piperazine
side chains, differing in the distance of the chromophore from the
polymer main chain and/or the separation between the chromophoric
units in the chain, are obtained and characterized in terms of their
potential applications in optoelectronic devices. The surface, structural,
and optical properties of the investigated materials are determined
using atomic force microscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry combined
with transmission measurements, Raman and Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy, as well as cyclic voltammetry. The relevant model systems
are additionally analyzed with quantum chemical density functional
theory calculations in order to enable the generalization of the structure–photophysical
property relationships for the optimization of the material features.
It is found that the structural modification of the material, relying
on the transit of the piperazine moiety away from the main polymer
chain, leads to the hypsochromic shift of the absorption spectrum.
Moreover, the lowest refractive index values are obtained for the
polymer with a distant ethylene group in the side-chains and increased
separation between the piperazine units. It was shown that the optical
energy band gaps of the investigated piperazine-containing polymers
are in the range from 2.73 to 2.81 eV, which reveals their promising
potential for the advances in photovoltaics, field effect transistors,
or electrochromic devices as an alternative for other widely applied
polymer materials.