Two thermodynamically
metastable polymorphs of vanadium(III) phosphate,
VIIIPO4-m1 and VPO4-m2, have been obtained via reduction of β-VVOPO4 by moist hydrogen. The XRPD pattern of VPO4-m1 can be assigned based on the crystal
structure of β-VVOPO4, though with distinctly
different lattice parameters (VPO4-m1/β-VOPO4: Pnma, a = 7.3453(12)/7.7863(5)
Å, b = 6.4001(12)/6.1329(3) Å, c = 7.3196(13)/6.9673(5) Å). The XRPD pattern of VPO4-m2 was found to be very similar to that
of Fe2(VO)(P2O7)(PO4)
(VPO4-m2: P21/m, Z = 2, a =
8.792(4) Å, b = 5.269(2) Å, c = 10.398(6) Å, β = 112.60(4)°). The crystal structure
models for VPO4-m1 and VPO4-m2 have been optimized by DFT calculations. Polymorph m1 contains the unprecedented butterfly shaped [VIIIO4] chromophore and has been further characterized by
magnetic measurements, by powder reflectance spectroscopy (NIR/vis/UV),
and IR spectroscopy. For six polymorphic forms of VPO4 (m1′, m1′′, m2, m3, m4, and m5), DFT calculations have been performed. For the existence
of VPO4-m1′, -m1′′, and -m2, our experiments provide
evidence. VPO4-m3, -m4, and -m5 were obtained by structure optimization
based on reduced β-VOPO4. Their stability is predicted
by the DFT calculations.