Crystal structure of oxygen-evolving photosystem II at a resolution of 1.9 Å

Umena, Yasufumi; Kawakami, Keisuke; Shen, Jian Ren; Kamiya, Nobuo

doi:10.1038/nature09913

Cited by 3,606 publications

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“…This photosystem, which looks like English letter “Z”, known as the Z‐scheme, involves a two‐step photoexcitation 8, 9, 10. Photosystem I (PS I) and photosystem II (PS II) harvest solar energy and pump electrons to a higher electronic state (excitation), which are connected in series with an electron transfer chain (electron mediator).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Photosystem I (PS I) and photosystem II (PS II) harvest solar energy and pump electrons to a higher electronic state (excitation), which are connected in series with an electron transfer chain (electron mediator). The electrons in PS II flowed from the electron transport chain leads to the reduction of co‐enzyme NADP + into NADP that is used to fix CO 2 into carbohydrate in the dark reaction, and the water oxidation occurs at a manganese calcium oxide cluster in PS II 8, 9, 10, 11. The efficiency of charge separation in the reaction center of PS I protein is close to 100%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Z‐Scheme Photocatalytic Systems for Promoting Photocatalytic Performance: Recent Progress and Future Challenges

et al. 2016

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Semiconductor photocatalysts have attracted increased attention due to their great potential for solving energy and environmental problems. The formation of Z‐scheme photocatalytic systems that mimic natural photosynthesis is a promising strategy to improve photocatalytic activity that is superior to single component photocatalysts. The connection between photosystem I (PS I) and photosystem II (PS II) are crucial for constructing efficient Z‐scheme photocatalytic systems using two photocatalysts (PS I and PS II). The present review concisely summarizes and highlights recent state‐of‐the‐art accomplishments of Z‐scheme photocatalytic systems with diverse connection modes, including i) with shuttle redox mediators, ii) without electron mediators, and iii) with solid‐state electron mediators, which effectively increase visible‐light absorption, promote the separation and transportation of photoinduced charge carriers, and thus enhance the photocatalytic efficiency. The challenges and prospects for future development of Z‐scheme photocatalytic systems are also presented.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Z‐Scheme Photocatalytic Systems for Promoting Photocatalytic Performance: Recent Progress and Future Challenges

et al. 2016

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“…The structure of the active site is known with high resolution8, 9, 19 and furthermore, the active states have been studied for decades by various experimental and theoretical methods 2, 10, 11, 12, 20, 21, 22, 23. The mechanism of water oxidation in natural photosynthesis is the so‐called S‐state cycle or Kok cycle24 (Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic Parameters of Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation on LiMn₂O₄ in Comparison to Natural Photosynthesis

et al. 2017

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Targeted improvement of the low efficiency of water oxidation during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is severely hindered by insufficient knowledge of the electrocatalytic mechanism on heterogeneous surfaces. We chose LiMn2O4 as a model system for mechanistic investigations as it shares the cubane structure with the active site of photosystem II and the valence of Mn3.5+ with the dark‐stable S1 state in the mechanism of natural photosynthesis. The investigated LiMn2O4 nanoparticles are electrochemically stable in NaOH electrolytes and show respectable activity in any of the main metrics. At low overpotential, the key mechanistic parameters of Tafel slope, Nernst slope, and reaction order have constant values on the RHE scale of 62(1) mV dec−1, 1(1) mV pH−1, −0.04(2), respectively. These values are interpreted in the context of the well‐studied mechanism of natural photosynthesis. The uncovered difference in the reaction sequence is important for the design of efficient bio‐inspired electrocatalysts.

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“…The results from such studies not only benefit solar energy conversion but also promote our understanding of interfaces in general, as relevant to electronics, corrosion science, catalysis, materials science, and geology. We already know that useful solar energy conversion is possible at the nanoscale -the photosynthetic systems of bacteria are the earliest examples of nanostructured solar energy conversion devices [68]. Effective artificial devices are sure to follow once we improve our understanding of nanoscale interfaces.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The photosynthetic systems of bacteria are the earliest examples of nanostructured solar energy conversion devices; they date back to the beginning of life on this planet [68]. In contrast, artificial nanostructures for solar energy to fuel conversion have emerged only in the last three decades.…”

Section: Brief History Of Nanoscale Water Splitting Photocatalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale Effects in Water Splitting Photocatalysis

Osterloh

2015

Topics in Current Chemistry

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From a conceptual standpoint, the water photoelectrolysis reaction is the simplest way to convert solar energy into fuel. It is widely believed that nanostructured photocatalysts can improve the efficiency of the process and lower the costs. Indeed, nanostructured light absorbers have several advantages over traditional materials. This includes shorter charge transport pathways and larger redox active surface areas. It is also possible to adjust the energetics of small particles via the quantum size effect or with adsorbed ions. At the same time, nanostructured absorbers have significant disadvantages over conventional ones. The larger surface area promotes defect recombination and reduces the photovoltage that can be drawn from the absorber. The smaller size of the particles also makes electron-hole separation more difficult to achieve. This chapter discusses these issues using selected examples from the literature and from the laboratory of the author.

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Crystal structure of oxygen-evolving photosystem II at a resolution of 1.9 Å

Cited by 3,606 publications

References 38 publications

Z‐Scheme Photocatalytic Systems for Promoting Photocatalytic Performance: Recent Progress and Future Challenges

Z‐Scheme Photocatalytic Systems for Promoting Photocatalytic Performance: Recent Progress and Future Challenges

Mechanistic Parameters of Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation on LiMn₂O₄ in Comparison to Natural Photosynthesis

Nanoscale Effects in Water Splitting Photocatalysis

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Crystal structure of oxygen-evolving photosystem II at a resolution of 1.9 Å

Cited by 3,606 publications

References 38 publications

Z‐Scheme Photocatalytic Systems for Promoting Photocatalytic Performance: Recent Progress and Future Challenges

Z‐Scheme Photocatalytic Systems for Promoting Photocatalytic Performance: Recent Progress and Future Challenges

Mechanistic Parameters of Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation on LiMn2O4 in Comparison to Natural Photosynthesis

Nanoscale Effects in Water Splitting Photocatalysis

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Product

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Mechanistic Parameters of Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation on LiMn₂O₄ in Comparison to Natural Photosynthesis