Orthocarbonates are a newly discovered class of compounds that
are stable at high pressures. The presence of sp3-hybridized
carbon, having structural similarity to orthosilicates, and their
potential participation in the global planetary carbon cycle have
triggered intensive theoretical and experimental investigations into
these compounds. Here, based on the density functional theory and
crystal structure prediction calculations, we predict new stable crystal
structures of the orthocarbonates Sr3CO5-Cmcm, Sr3CO5-I4/mcm, Ba2CO4-Pnma,
and Ba3CO5-I4/mcm. Summarizing the obtained data, we show that orthocarbonates of
alkaline-earth metals are isotypic to ambient-pressure orthosilicates
with only rare exceptions. The lower-pressure stability limit for
Ba-orthocarbonates is around 5 GPa. However, the stability limit increases
with decreasing cation radius and reaches 13 GPa for Ca-orthocarbonates.
Based on the calculations of Gibbs free energies with the quasi-harmonic
approximation, the reaction 2M2CO4 = M3CO5 + MCO3 (M = Sr and Ba) is established.
At 20 GPa, this reaction is realized at temperatures above 1080 K
for Sr2CO4 and above 740 K for Ba2CO4, and the Clapeyron slope is positive in both cases.
The obtained P–T diagrams
for SrCO3 and BaCO3 show that equilibrium between
the structures of aragonite and postaragonite is observed at 15–17
GPa for SrCO3 and 5–7 GPa for BaCO3.
The transition pressure is almost independent of temperature. No other
more favorable structures than postaragonite have been found for these
compounds in the considered pressure range, up to 200 GPa. Thus, in
contrast to CaCO3 and MgCO3, the transition
from sp2 to sp3 hybridization is not realized
for these compounds. Two of the found structures, Sr2CO4-Pnma and Sr3CO5-Cmcm, are dynamically stable at ambient pressure. This indicates
the possibility of recovering the crystals from a high-pressure environment
and conducting further laboratory investigation.