Crystalline bacterial cell surface layers

Sleytr, Uwe B.; Messner, Paul; Pum, Dietmar; Sára, Margit

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb00962.x

Cited by 192 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…They found that the S-layer proteins of B. sphaericus are responsible for the bioremediation of uranium from aqueous environments. The S-layer is a porous layer consisting of identical proteins which surround the bacterial cell and can contribute up to 15% of the total cell protein content ( Figure 3) [36]. Sleytr et al found that S-layers are approximately 5-15 nm thick and consist of pores with a size range of 2-6 nm [36].…”

Section: Nanoparticle Synthesis By Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The S-layer is a porous layer consisting of identical proteins which surround the bacterial cell and can contribute up to 15% of the total cell protein content ( Figure 3) [36]. Sleytr et al found that S-layers are approximately 5-15 nm thick and consist of pores with a size range of 2-6 nm [36]. It is this layer that was proposed by Pollman et al to be responsible for the binding of heavy metals, such as U at up to 20 mg of U per gram of protein, and they suggested that binding was via the carboxyl and phosphate groups of the S-layer resulting in bioaccumulation.…”

Section: Nanoparticle Synthesis By Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles by Bacteria, Fungi and Plants

Pantidos¹

2014

J Nanomed Nanotechnol

486

221

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Over the past few decades interest in metallic nanoparticles and their synthesis has greatly increased. This has resulted in the development of numerous ways of producing metallic nanoparticles using chemical and physical methods. However, drawbacks such as the involvement of toxic chemicals and the high-energy requirements of production make it difficult for them to be widely implemented. An alternative way of synthesising metallic nanoparticles is by using living organisms such as bacteria, fungi and plants. This "green" method of biological nanoparticle production is a promising approach that allows synthesis in aqueous conditions, with low energy requirements and low-costs. This review gives an overview of some of these environmentally friendly methods of biological metallic nanoparticle synthesis. It also highlights the potential importance of these methods in assessing nanoparticle risk to both health and the environment.techniques, which are generally low-cost and high-volume. However, the need for toxic solvents and the contamination from chemicals used in nanoparticle production limit their potential use in biomedical applications [15]. Therefore a "green", non-toxic way of synthesising metallic nanoparticles is needed in order to allow them to be used in a wider range of industries. This could potentially be achieved by using biological methods.Many bacteria, fungi and plants have shown the ability to synthesise metallic nanoparticles and all have their own advantages and disadvantages (Table 1) [16][17][18]. Intracellular or extracellular synthesis, growth temperature, synthesis time, ease of extraction and percentage synthesised versus percentage removed from sample ratio, all play an important role in biological nanoparticle production. Finding the right biological method can depend upon a number of variables. Most importantly, the type of metal nanoparticle under investigation is of vital consideration, as in general organisms have developed resistance against a small number of metals, potentially limiting the choice of organism. However synthetic biology; a nascent field of science, is starting to address these issues in order to create more generalised chassis, able to synthesise more than one type of metallic nanoparticle using the same organism [19]."Natural" biogenic metallic nanoparticle synthesis can be split into two categories. The first is bioreduction, in which metal ions are chemically reduced into more stable forms biologically. Many organisms have the ability to utilise dissimilatory metal reduction, in which the reduction of a metal ion is coupled with the oxidation of an enzyme [20]. This results in stable and inert metallic nanoparticles that can then be safely removed from a contaminated sample. The second category is biosorption. This involves the binding of metal ions from Journal of Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology J o u rna l of N a n o m ed icine & N a n o te chnolo g y

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Section: Nanoparticle Synthesis By Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nanoparticle Synthesis By Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles by Bacteria, Fungi and Plants

Pantidos¹

2014

J Nanomed Nanotechnol

486

221

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“…Adhesion properties of Bacillus cereus CH protective lattice (Egelseer et al, 1995;Sleytr et al, 1993). Around 18 species of Bacillus have been shown to possess S-layers and, in B. cereus, S-layer proteins have been linked to the adhesion to the host in vegetative cells and to the resistance to phagocytosis (Kotiranta et al, 2000;Sidhu & Olsen, 1997).…”

Section: Identification Of Proteins Associated With the B Cereus Ch mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of surface proteins involved in the adhesion of a probiotic Bacillus cereus strain to mucin and fibronectin

et al. 2009

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Several Bacillus strains isolated from commercial probiotic preparations were identified at the species level, and their adhesion capabilities to three different model intestinal surfaces (mucin, Matrigel and Caco-2 cells) were assessed. In general, adhesion of spores was higher than that of vegetative cells to the three matrices, and overall strain Bacillus cereus CH displayed the best adhesion. Different biochemical treatments revealed that surface proteins of B. cereus CH were involved in the adhesion properties of the strain. Surface-associated proteins from vegetative cells and spores of B. cereus CH were extracted and identified, and some proteins such as S-layer components, flagellin and cell-bound proteases were found to bind to mucin or fibronectin. These facts suggest that those proteins might play important roles in the interaction of this probiotic Bacillus strain within the human gastrointestinal tract.

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“…ra Sleytr & Sa! ra, 1997 ;Sleytr et al, 1993Sleytr et al, , 1999. Slayers exhibit oblique (p1, p2), square (p4) or hexagonal (p3, p6) lattice symmetry and they are composed of identical protein or glycoprotein subunits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ISBst12, a novel type of insertion-sequence element causing loss of S-layer-gene expression in Bacillus stearothermophilus ATCC 12980 The GenBank accession number for the sequence reported in this paper is AF162268.

et al. 2000

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The cell surface of the surface layer (S-layer)-carrying strain of Bacillus stearothermophilus ATCC 12980 is completely covered with an oblique lattice composed of the S-layer protein SbsC. In the S-layer-deficient strain, the S-layer gene sbsC was still present but was interrupted by a novel type of insertion sequence (IS) element designated ISBst12. motifs were identified at the N-terminal part of the putative transposase. As revealed by Southern blotting, ISBst12 was present in multiple copies in the Slayer-deficient strain as well as in the S-layer-carrying strain. Northern blotting indicated that S-layer gene expression is already inhibited at the transcriptional level, since no sbsC-specific transcript could be identified in the S-layer-deficient strain. By using PCR, ISBst12 was also detected in B. stearothermophilus PV72/p6, in its oxygen-induced strain variant PV72/p2 and in the S-layer-deficient strain PV72/T5.

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Crystalline bacterial cell surface layers

Cited by 192 publications

References 57 publications

Biological Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles by Bacteria, Fungi and Plants

Biological Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles by Bacteria, Fungi and Plants

Identification of surface proteins involved in the adhesion of a probiotic Bacillus cereus strain to mucin and fibronectin

ISBst12, a novel type of insertion-sequence element causing loss of S-layer-gene expression in Bacillus stearothermophilus ATCC 12980 The GenBank accession number for the sequence reported in this paper is AF162268.

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