Crystalline Domains Nested on Two-Dimensional Nanosheets as Heterogeneous Nanomachineries for the Sustainable Production of Bioactive Compounds from Chlorella sorokiniana

Abstract

Naturally occurring bioactive compounds have attracted significant interest from the perspective of scientific and industrial aspects owing to the wide range of technological, economic, and healthcare benefits. Their synthetic origin still suffers from several impeding challenges, such as expensive extraction and low yield. To address these critical issues, a unique hybridized system termed “algal-nanohybrids” was established by integrating green microalgae, Chlorella sorokiniana, with carbon-based heterostructured nanomaterials (CHNs), enhancing the microalgal growth for the sustainable augmentation of bioactive compounds as renewable sources of secondary metabolites. Hitherto, this work presents a new avenue in the formation of CHNs comprising propene-bridged cyanurate tetramer crystals nested on two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets, possessing excellent photocatalytic activity along with biocompatibility for the sustainable production of bioactive compounds. Mechanistic insights into the formation of CHNs and their plausible interaction with the algal cells were deciphered using a suite of characterization techniques. The conceptual significance of CHNs was elaborated, as an efficient nanomachinery for bolstering the enhanced production of lutein (97%) from C. sorokiniana, which is higher than that reported for other lutein-producing microalgae grown under photoautotrophic conditions. Interestingly, CHNs not only promoted microalgal biomass by 88% but also enhanced the production of chlorophyll a and carotenoids by 42 and 75%, respectively. This unprecedented work advances the synthesis of biocompatible CHNs, which can provide a breakthrough in the industry for the production of natural lutein and other bioactive compounds from microalgae.

Carbon Nanosheets Infused with Gold Nanoparticles as an Ultrasensitive Nose for Electrochemical Arsenic Sensing

“…Moreover, during XRD analysis of Au-CNSm, peaks exhibiting the impurities of the material were not present, supporting pristine composite formation among selected moieties. The quantitative and qualitative evaluation of structural defects, such as functional groups, doping, grain boundaries, and voids, was performed using Raman spectroscopy. , Structural changes that occurred due to the functionalization of CNSm over AuNPs can be observed by changes in Raman spectroscopy bands . According to Wang et al, the Raman spectra of CNSm show two bands: the G band at 1588 cm –1 , which occurs from the first order scattering of the E 2g phonon of sp 2 carbon atoms demonstrating graphitic carbon, and other is the D band at 1370 cm –1 , which indicates the presence of disorder as well as the edges due to breathing mode of k-point photons with A 1g symmetry.…”

Propene-bridged cyanurate tetramers decorated on carbon nanosheets with antibacterial activity: insights from molecular modeling and in vitro studies

“…Raman spectroscopy is prevalently used to assess structural disorder in the CNH, which is based on a myriad of defects including intrinsic defects, edges, 31 impurities, stacking defects, and grain structures, thereby providing a quantitative measure degree of disorder. [32][33][34] Raman spectroscopy was performed in this study to examine the intrinsic vibrational differences between the as-synthesized products dependent on the time interval.…”

Screening of the Most Effective Media for Bioprospecting Three Indigenous Freshwater Microalgae Species

“…Following centrifugation, 100 µL PBS was added to each tube, which was then incubated at room temperature for 10 min. Confocal microscopy (Nikon A1, Tokyo, Japan) was used to measure the chlorophyll fluorescence in the microalgae cells [12]. The presence of neutral lipids and lipophilic compounds in the microalgae was evaluated using Nile red staining and confocal microscopy by employing laser light with excitation and emission wavelengths of 552 and 636 nm, respectively [13].…”

“…The system was left undisturbed, and the solvent was permitted to move up to a height of 5 cm. The sheets were then removed from the tank and the spots were promptly noted [12].…”