Crystalline solid lasers

Gas-Phase Thermochemistry of MX3 and M2X6 (M = Sc, Y; X = F, Cl, Br, I) from a Composite Reaction-Based Approach: Homolytic versus Heterolytic Cleavage

“…Scandium and yttrium are the d-block elements opening the first and second transition series. Despite both metals belonging to rare earths with limited annual production, they have broad industrial applications, including the manufacturing of high-intensity discharge and light-emitting-diode (LED) lamps, advanced electronic and laser devices, and catalysts in organic chemistry. − Scandium- and yttrium-reinforced aluminum, magnesium, and titanium alloys display unique mechanical and good corrosion-resistant properties and exhibit promising high-temperature materials for the aerospace and nuclear industries . Because thermodynamic modeling is sometimes the only source of information on the stability and behavior of materials at high temperatures, reliable gas-phase thermodynamic functions [Δ H f ° and S °(298.15 K)] of scandium/yttrium decomposition and oxidation products such as halides MX 3 and their dimers M 2 X 6 are certainly of interest.…”

Optical Waveguides Fabricated by Ion Implantation/Irradiation: A Review Optical Waveguides Fabricated by Ion Implantation/Irradiation: A Review

“…For solid state lasers the cavity is usually obtained by fabricating a doped crystal into a Fabry-Perot configuration, with the excited impurity atoms providing the amplifying medium. For this reason, rare earth ions such as Nd 3+ , Er 3+ and Yb 3+ embedded in a variety of host crystals are frequently encountered in today solid state lasers (Kiss & Pressley, 1966;Kaminskii, 1996). Moreover, the fabrication of optical waveguides on laser crystals is a matter of paramount importance, as can be deduced by the abundant literature available on this topic (Pollnau & Romanyuk, 2007).…”

“…Yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) is commonly used as a host material in various solid-state lasers (Kiss & Pressley, 1966;Fricke, 1970). Rare earth elements such as neodymium and erbium can be doped into YAG as active laser ions, yielding Nd:YAG and Er:YAG lasers, respectively (Saiki et al, 2006).…”

The electronic instrumentation for atmospheric laser propagation studies

“…The system is immediately adaptable to short optical pulses and faster photodetectors and samplers, and may eventually be used with mode-locked YAG lasers (22) to detect anomalies in 30 picosecond pulses. This would correspond to the detection of time-dispersions on the order of 10 -11 seconds, depending upon detector bandwidth.…”