Crystalline transformation of native cellulose from cellulose I to cellulose II polymorph by a ball-milling method with a specific amount of water

Effect of Solvent on Morphological and Structural Change of Cellulose under Ball-Milling

“…2 Such apparent concentration-specific structural change in cellulose is also observed in measurements of 1 H spin-lattice relaxation of cellulose for a cellulose-water system as a function of concentration of water. 3 Molecular mobility of cellulose increases and reaches a maximum around 30 wt % of water content, at which the water works as a thermo-plasticity agent on the cellulose in the system.…”

“…3 Molecular mobility of cellulose increases and reaches a maximum around 30 wt % of water content, at which the water works as a thermo-plasticity agent on the cellulose in the system. 2,3 On the one hand, it has been also shown that hydrophobic solvents affect the morphology and structure of cellulose: G. N. Marchenko et al 4 reported on wood pulp and cotton that dichloromethane (DCM) facilitated an intra-fibril swelling and gave some changes in a absorption of CH 2 -vibration (IR; 1380 cm À1 ) with no practical change in X-ray crystallinity. A concentration-specific interaction of toluene with a regenerated cellulose membrane with high planar orientation has been proved to show that the orientation of (1 1 10) plane in cellulose crystal preferentially lowers around 20-40 wt % of toluene content, elucidated by X-ray diffraction patterns.…”

Comparative study of cellulose isolated by totally chlorine‐free method from wood and cereal straw

“…13 Meanwhile, the crystalline transformation of cellulose I to II is observed in the mercerization-regeneration treatment of native cellulose by the use of an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of more than 11 wt %. 14 Ago and coworkers 15 also reported that a mechanochemical treatment of native cellulose with a specific amount of water (ϳ30 wt %) present in the cellulose solid state caused the crystalline transformation from cellulose I into cellulose II polymorph. Furthermore, cellulose I is composed of parallel cellulose chains and cellulose II is composed of antiparallel cellulose chains in the unit cell.…”

Morphological and Structural Changes in Microcrystalline Cellulose from OPEFB by Mechanical Grinding

“…To improve the MCC reactivity towards catalytic depolymerisation prior to advance synthesis, physical pre-treatment-ball-milling is considered to be one of the facile techniques to its activation prior to the next process path [4]. Mechanical grinding, usually carried out by high-energy milling, refers to the use of friction, collision, impingement, shear or other mechanical actions to change the crystalline structure and physicochemical properties of solids [5]. Reduced the particle size, extent of specific surface area, amorphous cellulose, the crystalline structure is pre-requisite to make the MCC more accessible to degrading reagents.…”