Crystallinity and electrical properties of neodymium-substituted bismuth titanate thin films

Tuning the Structural and Optical Properties of Bismuth Titanate by Different Nd Substitution Content

“…However, no obvious mode shift is observed in this region, showing that Nd additive stays mainly inside the perovskite units and does not incorporate into the fluorite-like layers [19,20]. Meanwhile, significant changes can be indexed at modes from 268 to 853 cm −1 with the increase of Nd doping concentration, such as the shift of the mode at 268 cm −1 , the broadening and softening of the modes at 268, 552, and 853 cm −1 , indicating the tilting and distortion in TiO 6 octahedral and more difficulties in achieving perovskite phase upon increased Nd content [17,19]. Such variation tendency would be involved to explain the retardation in crystallization as the increase of Nd content as shown in the XRD analysis.…”

“…However, only 8 Raman modes can be indexed, which can be attributed to the symmetry breaking, TiO 6 octahedron distortion, vibration modes overlap, and weak feature of some Raman peaks [16][17][18]. Raman active modes locating at 60, 90, and 121 cm −1 originate from the bismuth displacement in the pseudo-perovskite slab and (Bi 2 O 2 ) 2+ fluorite-like layers, and the modes from 268 to 853 cm −1 can be classified as internal vibration modes of TiO 6 octahedral of perovskite unit [17,19]. Moreover, the internal modes of 268 and 329 cm −1 can be attributed to the O-Ti-O bending, while the mode at 853 cm −1 is caused by the Ti-O symmetric stretching of TiO 6 octahedral, and the Raman mode at 552 and 627 cm −1 can be ascribed as the combination of bending and stretching of TiO 6 octahedral.…”

Composition-dependent electrical characteristics and interface microstructures of solution-derived Nd-substituted Bi4Ti3O12thin films on Pt electrodes

“…BNdTx thin films are sometimes reported to show optimized electrical properties, especially a larger P r value, with an intermediate x, e.g. x = 0.46, 0.75 or 0.85 [18,26,27]. We argue that this may be a compromise between the decreased P r and the simultaneously suppressed leakage current.…”

Bi2O3–TiO2–Nd2O3 lead‐free material for microwave device applications

“…It is important to note that the desert flower shape is mainly constituted by the connection between plates. Chen et al showed in Bi 4−x Nd x Ti 3 O 12 films the formation of plate‐like grains that tend to elongate with the increase in Nd, becoming a rod‐like shape. Li et al showed, for Bi 2 Ti 2 O 7 crystals prepared by co‐precipitation, the formation of micro‐size ball‐like particles (ie, spheres) with irregular surface shapes, very similar to the ones observed in our samples A and B.…”