2002
DOI: 10.1179/026708402225010010
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Crystallisation and Phase Transformation Behaviour of Electroless Nickel-Phosphorus Deposits and Their Engineering Properties

Abstract: The crystallisation and phase transformation behaviour of electroless Ni-P deposits during thermal processing have a vital role in determining their material properties. Conflicting results have been reported for the correlation of crystallisation and phase transformation behaviour with deposit composition and thermal processing, and hence microstructure and material properties. These variations are believed to be caused by variations in factors including plating conditions, substrate composition and surface p… Show more

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Cited by 92 publications
(63 citation statements)
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“…Ni-P coating may have different structures changing from poly-crystal, micro-crystal, nano-crystal to amorphous state due to its different phosphorous contents under different depositing conditions, and usually acidic condition may promote the final amorphous state and high P content [2][3][4][5][6] . In the experiment, the electroless bath is the same for two coatings except nano-CeO 2 addition, while P contents in CeO 2 -free and CeO 2 -containing coatings have different values of 10.5 wt% and 12.6 wt%, respectively.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Ni-P coating may have different structures changing from poly-crystal, micro-crystal, nano-crystal to amorphous state due to its different phosphorous contents under different depositing conditions, and usually acidic condition may promote the final amorphous state and high P content [2][3][4][5][6] . In the experiment, the electroless bath is the same for two coatings except nano-CeO 2 addition, while P contents in CeO 2 -free and CeO 2 -containing coatings have different values of 10.5 wt% and 12.6 wt%, respectively.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Its chemical and mechanical property depends much on its microstructure and phosphorous content. Furthermore, the internal phase transformation of electroless Ni-P coating in high temperature environment has been widely studied by researchers [3][4][5][6] . It is commonly recognized that phosphorous content in Ni-P coating will determine the coating's structure in the range of normal ploy-crystalline, micro-crystalline, nano-crystalline and amorphous structure.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…1 [24]. The hardness is reduced beyond 400°C due to the formation of lattice defects and with the coarsening of Ni 3 P particles [25]. Zhao et al investigated the effects of low temperature annealing on the properties of amorphous Ni-P alloys over different periods [26].…”
Section: Heat Treatment Effectsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Additionally, the hardness level attained after annealing at these temperatures (~13.0 GPa) is substantially above that reported for other metal-metalloid deposits such as electroless and electroplated Ni-P coatings, which generally exhibit maximum hardness values of at most~8.8 GPa at substantially lower annealing temperatures (T < 500°C). [16][17][18][19][20][21][22] This strength enhancement after annealing suggests that ternary Cr-C-P coatings may find use in applications Fig. 4.-Effect of annealing temperature and phosphorus content on hardness of electrodeposited Cr-C-P coatings.…”
mentioning
confidence: 97%