Crystallization and saturation front propagation in silicic magma chambers

Lake, Ethan T.

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2013.09.039

Cited by 28 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…The mechanism of compaction and gravitational collapse of a crystal-rich mush requires that the thermal gradient that creates the solidification front is closely parallel to the gravity vector. This condition is satisfied in both the roof and bottom of magma chambers for which, most mechanical models have been developed [Bachmann and Bergantz, 2004;Lake, 2013;Marsh, 2002]. However, the processes of magma crystallization at the vertical walls of magma chambers and the sidewalls of ascent conduits have received less attention [Humphreys and Holness, 2010;Namur et al, 2013].…”

Section: Crystallization In a Vertical (Non-gravitational) Thermal Boundary Layer (Tbl)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Magma differentiation and contamination: Constraints from 2 experimental and field evidences

Castro¹,

Rodríguez²,

Díaz‐Alvarado³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Differentiation and contamination of silicic magmas are common phenomena characterizing the granite batholiths and large igneous provinces that build up most of the continental crust. Although they can be identified by means of geochemical relations of igneous rocks exposed in the continents, the mechanisms allowing magmas to undergo the necessary crystal-liquid separation and digestion of country rocks for differentiation and contamination are poorly constrained. In this paper we show two independent approaches that are essential to understand fractionation and contamination of magmas. These are (1) the study and interpretation of field relations in exposed deep sections of batholiths, and (2) the results of laboratory experiments carried out at middle-upper crust pressure. Experiments support that fractionation is intrinsic to crystallization of water-bearing magmas in thermal boundary layers created at the sidewalls of ascent conduits and walls of magma chambers. Gravitational collapse and fluid migration are processes identified in experimental capsules. Similarly, reaction experiments in mixed capsules support reactive bulk assimilation as a plausible mechanism that is compatible with field and petrographic observations in contaminated granitic rocks.

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Section: Crystallization In a Vertical (Non-gravitational) Thermal Boundary Layer (Tbl)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Magma differentiation and contamination: Constraints from 2 experimental and field evidences

Castro¹,

Rodríguez²,

Díaz‐Alvarado³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…This thermal boundary condition suits a possible natural system. A geothermal temperature gradient of 10°C/km is considered between the top and the bottom of the magma chamber [ Lake , ; Di Maio et al ., ]. We define a distance e between the edges of the magmatic system and the portion of hosting rocks permanently keeping the far‐field constant temperature

T_{\infty}

.…”

Section: The Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of chaotic advection on the timescales of cooling and crystallization of magma bodies at mid crustal levels

Petrelli

Omari

Guer

et al. 2016

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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We numerically define the thermochemical evolution of a subduction‐related crystal‐bearing magmatic mass at mid crustal levels (0.7 GPa, 20–25 km). Two main dynamic mechanisms are considered: (1) a pure buoyancy‐driven system where the convective flow is induced by density changes during magma cooling; (2) a buoyancy‐driven convective system governed by chaotic advection. The non‐Newtonian rheology of natural magmas is taken into account linking the Herschel‐Bulkley formulation with the results of fractional crystallization experiments of magmas with the same composition and at the same conditions of temperature and pressure of the studied system. The latent heat of crystallization is also considered in order to address the thermal release in the system induced by the crystallization. Results indicate that the development of chaotic advection generates a complex thermochemical evolution of the system speeding up the crystallization process and the timing required to reach the jamming condition relative to the pure buoyancy‐driven convective system (nearly 2 times faster). Our results have important implications for both the rheological history of the magmatic body and the refilling of shallower magmatic systems. In particular, (1) a time‐dependent composition ranging from basalt to andesite can be extracted from an initial basaltic magmatic batch; (2) at the attainment of the maximum packing fraction (i.e., just before the jamming condition), homogeneous andesitic melts can be potentially extracted from the system; and (3) the development of chaotic advection within the system allows for the extraction of andesitic melt in shorter times compared to a buoyancy‐dominated system.

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