Crystallization-induced phosphorescence of pure organic luminogens

Wang, Chunrui; Gong, Yongyang; Yuan, Wang Zhang; Zhang, Yongming

doi:10.1016/j.cclet.2016.05.026

Cited by 96 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The phenomenon of crystallisation-induced emission describes the formation of phosphorescent species during the formation of highly ordered crystalline structures, which lead to shielding toward molecular oxygen andarestriction of molecular motion inside the crystal lattice.H ere, we want to describe recent advances and applications in this research area. [31] Ta ng and co-workers reported in 2010 that benzophenone (BP) and its derivatives reveal efficient phosphorescence under ambient conditions ( Figure 10). It wasf ound that BP which is known to be an efficient phosphor at low temperatures, also shows phosphorescence behaviour under ambient conditions when crystallised.…”

Section: Crystallisation-induced Phosphorescencementioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorescence Through Hindered Motion of Pure Organic Emitters

Hayduk

Riebe

Voskuhl

2018

Chemistry A European J

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This minireview deals with the phenomenon of room-temperature phosphorescence induced by aggregation or crystallisation. Recent achievements, as well as novel classes of these unique luminophores, are put in to focus. In this fashion, different compounds, which reveal delayed fluorescence or phosphorescence upon fixation in a crystal lattice or within aggregates are described. Furthermore, the photophysical properties, the origin of the long-lived triplet states, and the possible applications of these fascinating classes of molecules are also discussed. To conclude, a short overview about the state of art in the field of pure organic phosphors at room temperature is presented.

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Section: Crystallisation-induced Phosphorescencementioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorescence Through Hindered Motion of Pure Organic Emitters

Hayduk

Riebe

Voskuhl

2018

Chemistry A European J

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“…2,24 The CIE phenomenon is ascribed to the highly rigidified conformations in crystals owing to the presence of effective intermolecular interactions, which significantly frustrate the intramolecular molecular motions, thus depressing nonradiative deactivations and lighting up the emissions. 21−23 Apart from fluorescence, crystallization-induced phosphorescence (CIP) was also noticed in 2010, 25,28 which offers an effective method toward efficient room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) from pure organics. Owing to the extraordinary susceptibility of triplet states to environmental quenchers (i.e., oxygen and moisture), CIP luminogens are highly potential mechanochromic emitters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the regular molecular packing in crystals is destroyed and converted into disordered amorphous states by mechanical stimulation, triplet excitons are readily quenched by vibrational dissipations and external quenchers. 28−30 Consequently, no remarkable triplet emission can be expected. Therefore, destruction of CIP crystals may serve as a general strategy toward mechanochromic compounds with high contrast and mechanically induced blue-shifted emission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystallization-Induced Red Phosphorescence and Grinding-Induced Blue-Shifted Emission of a Benzobis(1,2,5-thiadiazole)–Thiophene Conjugate

Gong

et al. 2019

ACS Omega

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Mechanochromic luminogens are of significant importance in both academic and technical aspects. Thus far, most mechanochromic compounds exhibit bathochromically shifted emission upon grinding; the examples of those that exhibit blue-shifted emission still remain limited. Herein, a donor–acceptor–donor (D–A–D)-structured conjugate, namely 4,7-di(2-thienyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (DTBT), comprising benzobis(1,2,5-thiadiazole) and thiophene units, has been carefully synthesized and investigated. DTBT exhibits typical intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) characteristics, crystallization-induced phosphorescence (CIP), and remarkable mechanochromism. Although it merely emits fluorescence in solutions with distinct ICT features, its crystals demonstrate bright-red room-temperature phosphorescence (616 nm) with efficiency up to 25.0% and generate yellow excimer fluorescence (578 nm) upon mechanical grinding, accompanying decreased lifetimes from 10.9 μs to 3.5 ns and a blue-shifted emission of 38 nm. These results highly indicate the feasibility to fabricate novel CIP luminogens with blue-shifted mechanochromism.

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“…So far,r esearchers have tried to promote the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and subsequent intersystem crossing( ISC) through incorporation of carbonyl groups (C=O), halogens, and heteroatoms. [17,[20][21][22]31] At the same time, several other approaches, including radical-ion pairs, [32] s-n conjugation, [33] crystallization, [24,[34][35][36][37] embeddingi n ar igid matrix, [9,[38][39][40] Ha ggregation, [8,31,41] metal-organic frameworks or organic-inorganic perovskites, [42][43][44] have been proposed to stabilize the triplet excitons as am eans to achieve efficient p-RTP luminogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymorphic Pure Organic Luminogens with Through‐Space Conjugation and Persistent Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence

Zhang

Zhao

et al. 2019

Chemistry An Asian Journal

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Pure organic luminogens with persistent room‐temperature phosphorescence (p‐RTP) have attracted increasing attention owing to their vital significance and potential applications in security inks, bioimaging, and photodynamic therapy. Previously reported p‐RTP luminogens normally possessed through‐bond conjugation. In this work, we report a pure organic luminogen, AN‐MA, the Diels–Alder cycloaddition adduct of anthracene (AN) and maleic anhydride (MA), which possesses isolated phenyl groups and an anhydride moiety. AN‐MA exhibits aggregation‐enhanced emission (AEE) characteristics with efficiency of approximately 2 % and up to 8.5 % in solution and crystals, respectively. Two polymorphs of AN‐MA were readily obtained that were able to generate UV emission from individual phenyl rings together with bright blue emission owing to the effective through‐space conjugation. Moreover, p‐RTP with a lifetime of up to approximately 1.6 s was obtained in the crystals. These results not only reveal a new system with both fluorescence and RTP dual emission but also suggest an alternative through‐space conjugation strategy towards pure organic p‐RTP luminogens with tunable emissions.

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Crystallization-induced phosphorescence of pure organic luminogens

Cited by 96 publications

References 51 publications

Phosphorescence Through Hindered Motion of Pure Organic Emitters

Phosphorescence Through Hindered Motion of Pure Organic Emitters

Crystallization-Induced Red Phosphorescence and Grinding-Induced Blue-Shifted Emission of a Benzobis(1,2,5-thiadiazole)–Thiophene Conjugate

Polymorphic Pure Organic Luminogens with Through‐Space Conjugation and Persistent Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence

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