Crystallization mechanism of LiNiO2 synthesized by Pechini method

Lin, Shun-Chieh; Fung, Kuan‐Zong; Hon, Yi-Ming; Hon, Min–Hsiung

doi:10.1016/s0022-0248(01)01363-x

Cited by 28 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In addition to the above fact, it is interesting to observe that the displacement between Ni 3C ions at the octahedral 3b sites and Li C ions at the 3a sites in the space group R-3m weakens the intensity of the (003), while such a displacement did not affect the intensity of the (104) line [22]. Actually, increasing amount [23].…”

Section: Crystal Structure Of Linio 2 From Xrdmentioning

confidence: 87%

Various aspects of LiNiO₂chemistry: A review

Kalyani

Kalaiselvi²

2005

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

300

170

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Despite the appearance of ever first report on the synthesis of LiNiO 2 in 1954, active research to identify and evaluate its suitability as an electrode material in rechargeable lithium batteries started only in late 80's. Following this, numerous articles discussed the synthesis, electrochemical behavior and the problems associated with the compound. In this connection, the present communication reviews certain important experimental results obtained by different research groups on various aspects of LiNiO 2 , in order to understand the significance of LiNiO 2 as a potential cathode material for rechargeable lithium batteries. Also selected type of methodologies adopted to synthesize the title compound have also been discussed to substantiate the dependence of electrochemical behavior of LiNiO 2 on the method of synthesis and reaction conditions. The subject has been discussed at length and may provide useful information on the properties of LiNiO 2 and may enable the fabrication of tailor made nickel-based electrode materials for 'next generation' lithium or lithium-ion batteries along with the highlights of doped and coated derivatives of LiNiO 2 .

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Section: Crystal Structure Of Linio 2 From Xrdmentioning

confidence: 87%

Various aspects of LiNiO₂chemistry: A review

Kalyani

Kalaiselvi²

2005

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

300

170

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“…This is related to the increase of disordering in the lattice (entrance of Ni 2? ions to the Li sites) with the increase of z in Li 1-z (Ni 1-y Fe y ) 1?z O 2 [48]. The differences in the intensities of the two peaks in the range of wave number lower than 600 cm -1 are 0.041, 3.521 and 2.944 for the samples with y = 0.000, 0.025 and 0.100, respectively, with the sample with y = 0.025 having the highest value.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical properties of Li1−z (Ni1−y Fe y )1+z O2 synthesized by the combustion method in an air atmosphere

Song

Kwon

Song³

et al. 2008

J Appl Electrochem

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For the syntheses of LiNi 1-y Fe y O 2 (0.000 B y B 0.300), mixtures of the starting materials with the desired compositions were preheated in an air atmosphere at 400°C for 30 min and calcined in air at 700°C for 48 h. The phases appearing in the intermediate reaction steps for the formation of lithium nickel oxide are deduced from the DTA analysis. XRD analysis, FE-SEM observation, FTIR analysis and electrochemical measurement were performed for the synthesized Li 1-z (Ni 1-y Fe y ) 1?z O 2 (0.000 B y B 0.300) samples. The samples of Li 1-z (Ni 1-y Fe y ) 1?z O 2 with y = 0.025 and 0.050 have higher first discharge capacities than Li 1-z (Ni 1-y Fe y ) 1?z O 2 with y = 0.000 and better or similar cycling performance at the 0.1 C rate in the voltage range of 2.7-4.2 V. Similar results have not previously been reported except for Co-substituted LiNiO 2 . The sample Li 1-z (Ni 0.975 Fe 0.025 ) 1?z O 2 has the highest first discharge capacity (176.5 mAh g -1 ). Rietveld refinement of the XRD patterns of LiNi 1-y Fe y O 2 (0.000 \ y B 0.100) from a starting structure model [Li,Ni] 3b [Li,Ni,Fe] 3a [O 2 ] 6c showed that cation disordering occurred in the samples.

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“…[151] The calcination at the high temperature more than 850 °C gave rise to the lithium and oxygen ion loss in the host structure of nickel-rich cathode materials, which generated the structural ordering. [152][153][154] The c/a ratio, which represent the degree of cation ordering, decreased from 850 °C, indicating that the ordered layered structure was transformed to disordered layered structure with the rock salt like structure (Figure 17b). More seriously, at the temperature more than 950 °C, the perfect NiO phase was formed in the cathode particle as shown in Figure 17c.…”

Section: Single Crystalline Nickel-rich Cathode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospect and Reality of Ni‐Rich Cathode for Commercialization

Kim

Lee

Cha

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

665

582

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practical candidate for the wide application of the LIBs with respect to the reversible capacity, rate capability, and capital cost. [4][5][6][7] In terms of nickel contents, the nickel-rich cathodes with nickel content above 80% have advantages in gravimetric capacity, allowing high gravimetric energy density, compared with the nickel content less than 80%. Currently, the nickel-rich cathodes with the amount of nickel less than 60% are fully commercialized. However, the nickel-rich cathodes with nickel content of ≥80% still have many difficulties in the commercialization with respect to powder properties and electrode fabrication process.The unstable powder properties originate from residual lithium compounds such as LiOH and Li 2 CO 3 that formed by the spontaneous reduction of sensitive trivalent nickel ions during the synthesis process and storage in air. [8][9][10][11] The Li 2 CO 3 significantly promotes the gas evolution and increase the moisture of the cathode powder, which strongly related to the safety issue. [12][13][14] Furthermore, the LiOH on the cathode increases the powder pH value, causing the gelation of the slurry during the electrode fabrication process. The nickel-rich cathode with nickel content of ≤60% have acceptable amount of residual lithium compounds for the practical use. By contrast, the cathode with amount of nickel of ≥80% should be treated by additional process to reduce the residual lithium compounds ( Table 1). Furthermore, other powder properties, such as powder pH and moisture, should be carefully controlled when nickel contents were exceeded of ≥80%. Thus, for the practical application of these cathode materials, most battery companies have adapted the washing process, in which the cathode power was stirred in purified water for 20-40 min. [15,16] The washing process could greatly reduce the residual lithium compounds and powder pH value. [15] However, the washing process not only increases process time and capital cost but also make the nickel-rich cathode more chemically sensitive than nonwashed cathodes. [16] More seriously, the water washing deteriorates the thermal stability of the nickel-rich cathodes, indicating that the washing process should be substituted by other methods for the battery safety.Another important factor for the commercialization of the nickel-rich cathodes is the electrode density directly related to the energy density. In general, the nickel-rich cathodesThe layered nickel-rich cathode materials are considered as promising cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their high reversible capacity and low cost. However, several significant challenges, such as the unstable powder properties and limited electrode density, hindered the practical application of the nickel-rich cathode materials with the nickel content over 80%. Herein, important stability issues and in-depth understanding of the nickel-rich cathode materials on the basis of the industrial electrode fabrication condition for the commercialization of the nickel-rich cathode m...

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Crystallization mechanism of LiNiO2 synthesized by Pechini method

Cited by 28 publications

References 23 publications

Various aspects of LiNiO₂chemistry: A review

Various aspects of LiNiO₂chemistry: A review

Electrochemical properties of Li1−z (Ni1−y Fe y )1+z O2 synthesized by the combustion method in an air atmosphere

Prospect and Reality of Ni‐Rich Cathode for Commercialization

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Crystallization mechanism of LiNiO2 synthesized by Pechini method

Cited by 28 publications

References 23 publications

Various aspects of LiNiO2chemistry: A review

Various aspects of LiNiO2chemistry: A review

Electrochemical properties of Li1−z (Ni1−y Fe y )1+z O2 synthesized by the combustion method in an air atmosphere

Prospect and Reality of Ni‐Rich Cathode for Commercialization

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Various aspects of LiNiO₂chemistry: A review

Various aspects of LiNiO₂chemistry: A review