Crystallization of Binary and Commercial Soap Systems

Abstract

SOAP SYSTEMSAlthough the short spacings of x-ray diffraction patterns have proved most suitable for identification of at least four crystalline modifications of sodium soap, it is necessary to turn to the loiig spacings in order to ascertain the crystallization behavior of the individual fatty constituents of mixed and commercial soaps. The present study, based on long-spacing data, indicates that fractionation into the constituent

Review of the polymorphism of saturated even glycerides

“…The evidence is that in such cases of "accommodation" those chains which extend beyond their shorter neighbors "crumple up" sufficiently to fill substantially the otherwise void parts of the structure. Observations leading to similar conclusions have been made on solid solutions of soaps (14,15).…”

IGC studies of binary cationic surfactant mixtures

“…This solid solution is favoured by the humidity. The mean molar mass can be inferred from the long spacing, and in general coincides with that obtained from the saponification index [47]. Recently, in a study of mixtures of cationic liposomes in water by DSC, Nile Red fluorescence and turbidity, Feitosa et al [6] have found the formation of two populations of liposomes with different properties.…”

“…If x/n C > 50, soaps crystallize separately, yielding neither solid solutions nor molecular compounds. Probably solid solutions are substitutional [47]. It is possible that the same steric hindrances play a similar role in the strongly ordered lamellar mesophases.…”

Performance and Microstructural Study on Soap Using Different Fatty Acids and Cations

“…Commercial soaps are crystallized solids formed of variable composition with soap molecules of different chain lengths which mix freely in the crystal lattice [1].…”