Crystallization of nylon 6

Roldan, Luis G.; Kaufman, H. S.

doi:10.1002/pol.1963.110011107

Cited by 113 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…X-ray diffraction patterns for ammoniated undrawn and drawn samples before ammoniation and after the NH 3 (0140) region to determine the fiber period, and are shown in Figure 8 and Table II. It is well known that nylon 6 can exist in several crystal forms that may vary continuously in crystal perfection, size, and unit cell parameters (12).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of anhydrous ammonia on the crystalline‐state deformation of nylons 6 and 6,6

Kanamoto

Zachariades

Porter

1982

J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. Ed.

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The aliphatic polyamides nylon 6 and 6,6 have been cold drawn by using the new concept of reversible plasticization with NH3. Two aspects were investigated: the effect of NH3 plasticization on the stress‐strain behavior of nylon 6,6, and the extent of NH3 absorption as determined by x‐ray analysis for the structurally simpler nylon 6. X‐ray analysis shows that ammonia is absorbed preferentially by the amorphous phase and that the plasticization has a significant effect on the unit‐cell orientation, the small‐angle void scattering, and the interplanar spacings between sheets of hydrogen‐bonded chains. The effect of plasticization was seen in the lower yield stress, the higher draw ratio (up to 8X) and tensile modulus (10 GPa) not attainable with unplasticized specimens.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of anhydrous ammonia on the crystalline‐state deformation of nylons 6 and 6,6

Kanamoto

Zachariades

Porter

1982

J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. Ed.

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“…In contrast, cooling at rates between about 50 and 200 Ks −1 or isothermal annealing of the supercooled melt at temperatures between the glass transition temperature of about 310-320 and 420 K is connected with the development of pseudo-hexagonal γ-structure, occasionally also named β-form [6,7] or γ*-form [8,9]. Further crystal polymorphs can be generated as a result of deformation or on crystallization from aqueous solution in the presence of iodine [10][11][12]. In the present study, we focus on crystallization of the supercooled relaxed melt, that is, only the α-and γ-polymorphs are of importance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Morphology of cold-crystallized polyamide 6

2012

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The structure of cold-crystallized polyamide 6 (PA 6) has been analyzed by wide-angle X-ray scattering, atomic force microscopy, and polarizing optical microscopy. It has been found that ordering of initially fully amorphous and glassy PA 6 on slow heating to temperatures higher than the glass transition temperature results in formation of spatially non-organized short lamellae/nodules with a size depending on the maximum annealing temperature. In contrast, melt crystallization at low supercooling is connected with formation of spherulites and laterally extended lamellae. The observed experimental results demonstrate that crystals of qualitatively different morphology and higherorder organization can be generated by variation of the pathway of crystallization. It is assumed that the different structures obtained in melt-and cold-crystallized samples are related to heterogeneous and homogeneous nucleation, respectively.

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“…The situation, in practice, is even more complicated than indicated, as was discussed by Roldan and Kaufman. 207 They point out that in nylon-6, below its melting point one may distinguish not only well-formed and y crystalline forms, but amorphous polymer and disordered a-and y-forms variously described as nematic, smectic, and paracrystalline. Similar comments are made by Ruland,'" who attempts to determine the degree of disorder from WAXS studies.…”

Section: Orientation Of Melt-spun Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%