Crystallization screening: the influence of history on current practice

Luft, Joseph R.; Newman, Janet; Snell, Edward H.

doi:10.1107/s2053230x1401262x

Cited by 57 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…In this study, chickpea was exposed to drought artificially created by PEG-decreased water availability and IOP-PDAincreased mechanical impedance and root penetration resistance to imitate soil drought conditions. PEG binds water molecules making them unavailable to the plant by holding them in a higher affinity grasp than salts (Luft, Newman, & Snella, 2014). In addition, IOP-PDA makes a substrate much firmer for plant-root growth and propagation in the substrate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Legume endosymbionts: Drought stress tolerance in second‐generation chickpea (Cicer arietinum) seeds

Kumari

Germida

Vujanovic

2018

J Agronomy Crop Science

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Chickpea is an important leguminous crop grown worldwide due to its nutritional and economic value. However, abiotic stress, primarily caused by drought, has limited chickpea production. This study highlights endosymbiotic plant growth promotion as well as alleviation of abiotic stress in germinating chickpea seeds and seedlings under drought stress conditions. Seed produced by F1 endosymbiotic plants under controlled environment was used to conduct this second‐generation (F2) study in the greenhouse. Fungal and bacterial endosymbionts improved seed germination and enhanced root and shoot growth in second‐generation seeds produced by applying drought stress without endophytes. Expression levels of antioxidant genes, proline, SOD‐superoxide dismutase and dehydrin, were downregulated, which characterizes enhanced oxidative stress tolerance and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in host cells. The endosymbiont beneficial effect on plant resilience and improved phenotypes was translated into increased nutrient quality of second‐generation seed. This study indicates the potential of the fungal and bacterial endosymbionts to moderate drought stress in plants by triggering epigenetic changes inherited across chickpea generations which correlated with enhanced resilience and improved agricultural traits in this globally important crop.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Legume endosymbionts: Drought stress tolerance in second‐generation chickpea (Cicer arietinum) seeds

Kumari

Germida

Vujanovic

2018

J Agronomy Crop Science

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“…Details and protocols used for screening are described in the following reviews (Luft et al, 2014, Skarina et al, 2014). …”

Section: Step 2: Purification and Structural Characterization Of Ratimentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Heteronuclear Metalloenzymes

Bhagi‐Damodaran

Hosseinzadeh

Mirts

et al. 2016

Methods in Enzymology

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Heteronuclear metalloenzymes catalyze some of the most fundamentally interesting and practically useful reactions in nature. However, the presence of two or more metal ions in close proximity in these enzymes makes them more difficult to prepare and study than homonuclear metalloenzymes. To meet these challenges, heteronuclear metal centers have been designed into small and stable proteins with rigid scaffolds to understand how these heteronuclear centers are constructed and the mechanism of their function. This chapter describes methods for designing heterobinuclear metal centers in a protein scaffold by giving specific examples of a few heme-nonheme bimetallic centers engineered in myoglobin and cytochrome c peroxidase. We provide step-by-step procedure on how to choose the protein scaffold, design a heterobinuclear metal center in the protein computationally, incorporate metal centers in the protein and characterize the resulting metalloprotein, both structurally and functionally. Finally, we discuss how an initial design can be further improved by rationally tuning its secondary coordination sphere, electron/proton transfer rates, and the substrate affinity.

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“…Commercial kits developed over many years of experience have made the initial crystallization screening process relatively easy for most laboratories [7]. The development of such screens involves taking an initial promising condition and changing the chemistry to optimize that condition.…”

Section: Technical Considerations For Computational Crystallizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational crystallization

Altan

Snell

2016

Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics

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Crystallization is a key step in macromolecular structure determination by crystallography. While a robust theoretical treatment of the process is available, due to the complexity of the system, the experimental process is still largely one of trial and error. In this article, efforts in the field are discussed together with a theoretical underpinning using a solubility phase diagram. Prior knowledge has been used to develop tools that computationally predict the crystallization outcome and define mutational approaches that enhance the likelihood of crystallization. For the most part these tools are based on binary outcomes (crystal or no crystal), and the full information contained in an assembly of crystallization screening experiments is lost. The potential of this additional information is illustrated by examples where new biological knowledge can be obtained and where a target can be sub-categorized to predict which class of reagents provides the crystallization driving force. Computational analysis of crystallization requires complete and correctly formatted data. While massive crystallization screening efforts are under way, the data available from many of these studies are sparse. The potential for this data and the steps needed to realize this potential are discussed.

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Crystallization screening: the influence of history on current practice

Cited by 57 publications

References 121 publications

Legume endosymbionts: Drought stress tolerance in second‐generation chickpea (Cicer arietinum) seeds

Legume endosymbionts: Drought stress tolerance in second‐generation chickpea (Cicer arietinum) seeds

Design of Heteronuclear Metalloenzymes

Computational crystallization

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